ArticleGlobal health action2018
Subnational regional inequality in the public health development index in Indonesia.
Article in Global health action, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers.
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Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed.
- Reaching the margins: examining equity in Indonesia's COVID-19 vaccination strategy.BMJ global health · 2026Review
- Achieving universal health coverage with disability inclusion: a household survey analyzing healthcare access and national health insurance utilization for individuals with disabilities in Indonesia.BMC health services research · 2026Article
- Trends and inequalities in acute respiratory tract infections in Indonesia: an application of the World Health Organization's Health Equity Assessment Toolkit.Tropical medicine and health · 2026Article
- Service quality as a driver of perceived value satisfaction and revisit intention in Indonesia.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Spatial analysis of sexually transmitted infection vulnerability among pregnant women in Bandar Lampung: Policy implications for Indonesia's Triple Elimination Program.IJID regions · 2025Article
- Epidemiological trends in abortion and miscarriage between 1990 and 2019.Reproductive health · 2025Article
- Project-based learning in teaching health equity: a qualitative study.Korean journal of medical education · 2025Article
- Global, regional, and national burden of congenital musculoskeletal and limb anomalies, 1990-2021: a systematic analysis of the global burden of disease in 2021.Tropical medicine and health · 2025Article
- Low Attainment of Treatment Targets for Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Indonesian Adults With Established Coronary Artery Disease.Journal of evaluation in clinical practice · 2025Article
- Determinants of healthcare utilization under the Indonesian national health insurance system - a cross-sectional study.BMC health services research · 2025Article
- Health inequalities under decentralized governance: challenges in resource allocation and funding in Greece.Frontiers in health services · 2025Article
- District-level monitoring of universal health coverage, India.Bulletin of the World Health Organization · 2024Article
- Measuring spatial inequalities in maternal and child mortalities in Pakistan: evidence from geographically weighted regression.BMC public health · 2024Article
- The availability of essential medicines in primary health centres in Indonesia: achievements and challenges across the archipelago.The Lancet regional health. Southeast Asia · 2024Article
- GIS-based assessment of spatial and temporal disparities of urban health index in Shenzhen, China.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- The state of health in Indonesia's provinces, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019.The Lancet. Global health · 2022Article
- Equity of health financing in Indonesia: A 5-year financing incidence analysis (2015-2019).The Lancet regional health. Western Pacific · 2022Article
- The disparities in health insurance ownership of hospital-based birth deliveries in eastern Indonesia.BMC health services research · 2021Article
- Private Healthcare Expenditure in China: A Regional Comparative Analysis.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
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Abstract
backgroundAchieving the Sustainable Development Goal of 'ensuring healthy lives and promoting well-being for all at all ages' necessitates regular monitoring of inequality in the availability of health-related infrastructure and access to services, and in health risks and outcomes.
objectivesTo quantify subnational regional inequality in Indonesia using a composite index of public health infrastructure, services, behavioural risk factors and health outcomes: the Public Health Development Index (PHDI).
methodsPHDI is a composite index of 30 public health indicators from across the life course and along the continuum of care. An overall index and seven topic-specific sub-indices were calculated using data from the 2013 Indonesian Basic Health Survey (RISKESDAS) and the 2011 - Village Potential Survey (PODES). These indices were analysed at the national, province and district levels. Within-province inequality was calculated using the Weighted Index of Disparity (IDISW).
resultsNational average PHDI overall index was 54.0 (out of a possible 100); scores differed between provinces, ranging from 43.9 in Papua to 65.0 in Bali. Provinces in western regions of Indonesia tended to have higher overall PHDI scores compared to eastern regions. Large variations in province averages were observed for the non-communicable diseases sub-index, environmental health sub-index and infectious diseases sub-index. Provinces with a similar number of districts and with similar overall scores on the PHDI index showed different levels of relative within-province inequality. Greater within-province relative inequalities were seen in the environmental health and health services provisions sub-indices as compared to other indices.
conclusionsAchieving the goal of ensuring healthy lives and promoting well-being for all at all ages in Indonesia necessitates having a more focused understanding of district-level inequalities across a wide range of public health infrastructure, service, risk factor and health outcomes indicators, which can enable geographical comparison while also revealing areas for intervention to address health inequalities.
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