ArticleBMC international health and human rights2018
Factors associated with extrajudicial arrest for syringe possession: results of a department-wide survey of municipal police in Tijuana, Mexico.
Article in BMC international health and human rights, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Municipal police support for harm reduction services in officer-led referrals of people who inject drugs in Tijuana, Mexico.Harm reduction journal · 2021Trial
- Improving first responders' perceptions of overdose events and survivors through tailored occupational health-focused training co-facilitated by overdose survivors.Health & justice · 2024Article
- Implementing a decentralized opioid overdose prevention strategy in Mexico, a pending public policy issue.Lancet regional health. Americas · 2023Review
- Intersections between syndemic conditions and stages along the continuum of overdose risk among women who inject drugs in Mexicali, Mexico.Harm reduction journal · 2023Article
- Correlates of recent overdose among people who inject drugs in the San Diego/Tijuana border region.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2022Article
- Impact of SHIELD Police Training on Knowledge of Syringe Possession Laws and Related Arrests in Tijuana, Mexico.American journal of public health · 2022Article
- Structural violence and the need for compassionate use of methadone in Mexico.BMC public health · 2022Article
- Police discretion in encounters with people who use drugs: operationalizing the theory of planned behavior.Harm reduction journal · 2021Article
- Examining the gender composition of drug injecting initiation events: A mixed methods investigation of three North American contexts.The International journal on drug policy · 2021Article
- The Role of Gender in the Health and Human Rights Practices of Police: The SHIELD Study in Tijuana, Mexico.Health and human rights · 2019Article
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Authors and funding
15 authors at 2 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundMexican law permits syringe purchase and possession without prescription. Nonetheless, people who inject drugs (PWID) frequently report arrest for syringe possession. Extrajudicial arrests not only violate human rights, but also significantly increase the risk of blood-borne infection transmission and other health harms among PWID and police personnel. To better understand how police practices contribute to the PWID risk environment, prior research has primarily examined drug user perspectives and experiences. This study focuses on municipal police officers (MPOs) in Tijuana, Mexico to identify factors associated with self-reported arrests for syringe possession.
methodsParticipants were active police officers aged ≥18 years, who completed a self-administered questionnaire on knowledge, attitudes and behaviors related to occupational safety, drug laws, and harm reduction strategies. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression was used to identify correlates of recent syringe possession arrest.
resultsAmong 1044 MPOs, nearly half (47.9%) reported always/sometimes making arrests for syringe possession (previous 6mo). Factors independently associated with more frequent arrest included being male (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR] = 1.62; 95% Confidence Interval [95% CI] =1.04-2.52; working in a district along Tijuana River Canal (where PWID congregate) (AOR = 2.85; 95%CI = 2.16-3.77); having recently experienced a physical altercation with PWID (AOR = 2.83; 95% CI = 2.15-3.74); and having recently referred PWID to social and health services (AOR = 1.97; 95% CI = 1.48-2.61). Conversely, odds were significantly lower among officers reporting knowing that syringe possession is legal (AOR = 0.61; 95% CI = 0.46-0.82).
conclusionsPolice and related criminal justice stakeholders (e.g., municipal judges, prosecutors) play a key role in shaping PWID risk environment. Findings highlight the urgent need for structural interventions to reduce extra-judicial syringe possession arrests. Police training, increasing gender and other forms of diversity, and policy reforms at various governmental and institutional levels are necessary to reduce police occupational risks, improve knowledge of drug laws, and facilitate harm reduction strategies that promote human rights and community health.
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