ArticleBMC health services research2018
Trends in healthcare utilization and costs associated with pneumonia in the United States during 2008-2014.
Article in BMC health services research, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 54 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
54 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Pneumococcal Vaccine for Adults Aged ≥19 Years: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices, United States, 2023.MMWR. Recommendations and reports : Morbidity and mortality weekly report. Recommendations and reports · 2023Guideline
- Chest physiotherapy for pneumonia in adults.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2022Pooled it
- The Association Between Prescribed Opioid Receipt and Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Adults: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Journal of general internal medicine · 2020Pooled it
- Cost-Effectiveness of Management Strategies in Recurrent Acute Otitis Media.The Journal of pediatrics · 2023Trial
- Cost of childhood acute otitis media in primary care in the Netherlands: economic analysis alongside a cluster randomised controlled trial.BMC health services research · 2021Trial
- Trends in all-cause pneumonia and influenza hospitalization incidence by coding position - a study of US healthcare claims, 2014-2023.Pneumonia (Nathan Qld.) · 2026Article
- Residual Disparities in US Adults Hospitalized due to All-Cause Pneumonia Following Implementation of Childhood 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine in National Immunization Program.Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Article
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- Article
- AI-Assisted Systematic Literature Review of the Economic Burden of Pneumococcal Disease: Development and Validation Study.JMIR AI · 2026Article
- Independent risk factors and predictive model for high hospitalization costs in children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia.BMC pediatrics · 2026Article
- A Multi-Country Comparison of Number Needed to Vaccinate for PCV20 and PCV15 in Infants.Vaccines · 2026Article
- Exploring the impact of oral health and vaccination on pneumonia-causing bacteria: insights from predictive modeling.BMC research notes · 2026Article
- Economic burden ofFrontiers in public health · 2026Article
- The community acquired pneumonia endotypes and phenotypes dataset.Scientific data · 2025Article
- Formulae for calculating subgroup disease burden from overall and reported or assumed relative burden estimates.Dialogues in health · 2025Article
- Economic impact of sotagliflozin among patients with heart failure and type 2 diabetes: Budget impact analysis from the US payer perspective.Journal of managed care & specialty pharmacy · 2025Article
- Temporal trends in vaccination and antibiotic use among young children in the United States, 2000-2019.Antimicrobial stewardship & healthcare epidemiology : ASHE · 2025Article
- Health care resource use and costs associated with adult pneumococcal disease in the United States from 2017 to 2019, stratified by age and health risk: a retrospective cohort study.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Burden of invasive pneumococcal disease, non-invasive all-cause pneumonia, and acute otitis media in hospitalized US children: a retrospective multi-center study from 2015 to 2020.BMC health services research · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPneumonia is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines have reduced the burden of pneumonia, but data on the current burden of pneumonia and its impact on the healthcare system are needed to inform the development and use of new vaccines and other preventive measures.
methodsWe retrospectively analyzed the frequency of pneumonia in the US during 2008-2014 using data from the MarketScan® Commercial Claims and Encounters database. Frequencies of healthcare utilization related to the index pneumonia episode were calculated using the annual number of enrolled person-years (PY) as the denominator and the number of individuals with pneumonia as the numerator. Pneumonia-associated costs were calculated as mean payment per episode during the 2 years from 2013 to 2014.
resultsThe overall annual healthcare utilization rate for pneumonia was 15.1 per 1000 PY and decreased slightly from 2008 to 2014 (from 15.4 to 13.5 per 1000 PY). Most pneumonia-related healthcare utilization was due to office/outpatient visits (10.3 per 1000 PY; 68.3%). Emergency department/urgent care visits (2.5 per 1000 PY; 16.9%) and hospitalizations (2.2 per 1000 PY; 14.8%) contributed less. Pneumonia-related healthcare utilization was highest in children < 5 years (rate per 1000 PY = 29.7 for < 1 year, 47.9 for 1 year, and 39.5 for 2-4 years) and adults > 65 years (45.0 per 1000 PY). The mean cost per pneumonia episode (95% confidence interval) was US$429.1 ($424.8-$433.4) for office/outpatient visits, $1126.9 ($1119.5-$1134.3) for emergency department/urgent care visits, and $10,962.5 ($10,822.8-$11,102.2) for hospitalization.
conclusionsThe burden of pneumonia on the US healthcare system remains substantial. The results presented here can help guide new vaccination strategies and other preventive interventions for reducing the remaining burden of pneumonia.
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