ArticlePloS one2018
Outdoor particulate matter (PM10) exposure and lung cancer risk in the EAGLE study.
Article in PloS one, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Assessing the Global Impact of Ambient Air Pollution on Cancer Incidence and Mortality: A Comprehensive Meta-Analysis.JCO global oncology · 2024Pooled it
- Examining the role of extrachromosomal DNA in lung cancer.Journal of the National Cancer Institute · 2026Article
- Air pollution and the risk of second primary lung cancer among lung cancer survivors: the prospective UK Biobank cohort study.British journal of cancer · 2026Article
- Breath Metabolome Profiling Using Porous Carbon Material for Early Diagnosis of Laryngeal Cancer: Preliminary Results.Cancers · 2025Article
- Airborne PMInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Past exposure to PM10 and lung cancer risk in the EAGLE case-control study.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Joint associations of PMFrontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Insights from Explainable Artificial Intelligence of Pollution and Socioeconomic Influences for Respiratory Cancer Mortality in Italy.Journal of personalized medicine · 2024Article
- Article
- Health effects associated with exposure to secondhand smoke: a Burden of Proof study.Nature medicine · 2024Article
- Air Pollution and Lung Cancer: Contributions of Extracellular Vesicles as Pathogenic Mechanisms and Clinical Utility.Current environmental health reports · 2023Review
- The growing impact of air quality on lung-related illness: a narrative review.Journal of thoracic disease · 2023Review
- Temporal evolution of PMEnvironmental monitoring and assessment · 2023Article
- Particle Number Concentration Measurements on Public Transport in Bangkok, Thailand.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Airborne Exposure of the Cornea to PMInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Health risk assessment for particulate matter: application of AirQ+ model in the northern Caribbean region of Colombia.Air quality, atmosphere, & health · 2023Article
- Article
- Etiology of lung cancer: Evidence from epidemiologic studies.Journal of the National Cancer Center · 2022Review
- Long-term Exposure to PM10 Increases Lung Cancer Risks: A Cohort Analysis.Cancer research and treatment · 2022Article
- Health risk assessment of particulate matter 2.5 in an academic metallurgy workshop.Indoor air · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveCohort studies in Europe, but not in North-America, showed an association between exposure to outdoor particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter ≤10 μm (PM10) and lung cancer risk. Only a case-control study on lung cancer and PM10 in South Korea has so far been performed. For the first time in Europe we analyzed quantitatively this association using a case-control study design in highly polluted areas in Italy.
methodsThe Environment And Genetics in Lung cancer Etiology (EAGLE) study, a population-based case-control study performed in the period 2002-2005 in the Lombardy Region, north-west Italy, enrolled 2099 cases and 2120 controls frequency-matched for area of residence, gender, and age. For this study we selected subjects with complete active and passive smoking history living in the same municipality since 1980 until study enrollment. Fine resolution annual PM10 estimates obtained by applying land use regression modeling to satellite data calibrated with fixed site monitor measurements were used. We assigned each subject the PM10 average estimates for year 2000 based on enrollment address. We used logistic regression models to calculate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) adjusted for matching variables, education, smoking, and dietary and occupational variables.
resultsWe included 3473 subjects, 1665 cases (1318 men, 347 women) and 1808 controls (1368 men, 440 women), with PM10 individual levels ranging from 2.3 to 53.8 μg/m3 (mean: 46.3). We found increasing lung cancer risk with increasing PM10 category (P-value for trend: 0.04). The OR per 10 μg/m3 was 1.28 (95% CI: 0.95-1.72). The association appeared stronger for squamous cell carcinoma (OR 1.44, 95% CI: 0.90-2.29).
conclusionIn a population living in highly polluted areas in Italy, our study added suggestive evidence of a positive association between PM10 exposure and lung cancer risk. This study emphasizes the need to strengthen policies to reduce airborne pollution.
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