ReviewEndocrine reviews2019
Insulin-like Growth Factor-I Receptor and Thyroid-Associated Ophthalmopathy.
Review in Endocrine reviews, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 134 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
134 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 213 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Redefining evidence for teprotumumab in thyroid eye disease: an updated meta-analysis of efficacy and safety.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Pooled it
- Combined glucocorticoids and cyclophosphamide in the treatment of Graves' ophthalmopathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC endocrine disorders · 2024Pooled it
- The Efficacy and Safety of Teprotumumab in Thyroid Eye Disease: Evidence from Randomized Controlled Trials.International journal of clinical practice · 2023Pooled it
- Reduction in extraocular muscle and orbital fat volumes after teprotumumab treatment in Japanese patients with thyroid eye disease: an exploratory magnetic resonance imaging analysis from the OPTIC-J trial.Japanese journal of ophthalmology · 2026Trial
- Effect of Prostaglandin Analogues on Hyaluronan Production of Orbital Fibroblasts.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- Insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling in physiology and disease.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Head-to-Head Comparison of an IGF-1R Inhibitor Versus Intravenous Glucocorticoid for Active Thyroid Eye Disease: Design of a Randomized Clinical Trial.Ophthalmology and therapy · 2026Article
- Thyroid eye disease with teprotumumab-related hyperglycemia associated with increased growth hormone secretion.JCEM case reports · 2026Article
- Personalized orbital decompression surgery for thyroid-associated orbitopathy: a comprehensive retrospective analysis of efficacy, safety, and surgical strategy.BMC ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Approach to the patient: therapeutic mitigation of lacrimal manifestations in thyroid eye disease.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2026Review
- The Thyroid-Metabolism Axis: Pathways of Dysregulation and the Effects of Treatment.Metabolites · 2026Review
- Hypoxia-Induced Ferroptosis Resistance Drives Orbital Fibrosis in Thyroid Eye Disease.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Macrophage plasticity in thyroid eye disease: dual effects of inflammation and fibrosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- The therapeutic revolution in thyroid eye disease: from orbital radiotherapy to teprotumumab and AI.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Review
- Danshenol A Mediates the Proliferation and Differentiation of Adipocytes in Thyroid-Associated OphthalmopathyEndocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets · 2026Article
- Exploring the Therapeutic Mechanism of Xiehuo Pingtu San in Treating Thyroid Eye Disease Based on Network Pharmacology, Molecular Docking, and Molecular Dynamics Simulation.International journal of endocrinology · 2026Article
- Marked and reversible circulating insulin-like growth factor-1 elevation during teprotumumab N01 treatment for thyroid eye disease with limited correspondence to glycemic changes.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Bibliometrics in thyroid eye disease.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2026Article
- Transcriptome analysis of orbital tissue in thyroid eye disease uncovers key pathogenic mediators.Scientific reports · 2025Article
74 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) is a complex disease process presumed to emerge from autoimmunity occurring in the thyroid gland, most frequently in Graves disease (GD). It is disfiguring and potentially blinding, culminating in orbital tissue remodeling and disruption of function of structures adjacent to the eye. There are currently no medical therapies proven capable of altering the clinical outcome of TAO in randomized, placebo-controlled multicenter trials. The orbital fibroblast represents the central target for immune reactivity. Recent identification of fibroblasts that putatively originate in the bone marrow as monocyte progenitors provides a plausible explanation for why antigens, the expressions of which were once considered restricted to the thyroid, are detected in the TAO orbit. These cells, known as fibrocytes, express relatively high levels of functional TSH receptor (TSHR) through which they can be activated by TSH and the GD-specific pathogenic antibodies that underpin thyroid overactivity. Fibrocytes also express insulin-like growth factor I receptor (IGF-IR) with which TSHR forms a physical and functional signaling complex. Notably, inhibition of IGF-IR activity results in the attenuation of signaling initiated at either receptor. Some studies suggest that IGF-IR-activating antibodies are generated in GD, whereas others refute this concept. These observations served as the rationale for implementing a recently completed therapeutic trial of teprotumumab, a monoclonal inhibitory antibody targeting IGF-IR in TAO. Results of that trial in active, moderate to severe disease revealed dramatic and rapid reductions in disease activity and severity. The targeting of IGF-IR with specific biologic agents may represent a paradigm shift in the therapy of TAO.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.