ArticleClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America2019
Initiation of Antiretroviral Therapy Before Pregnancy Reduces the Risk of Infection-related Hospitalization in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-exposed Uninfected Infants Born in a High-income Country.
Article in Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04432779 (Impact of SARS-CoV-2 Infection During Pregnancy on Newborns and Young Children), which is not on this map. Cited by 41 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Impact of SARS-CoV-2 Infection During Pregnancy on Newborns and Young Children
Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Respiratory Syncytial Virus among People Living with HIV: Is There a Case for Rolling Out Prophylaxis? A Viewpoint Based on a Systematic Review.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Pooled it
- Adverse perinatal outcomes associated with antiretroviral therapy in women living with HIV: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Immunologic and Virologic Factors Associated With Hospitalization in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Exposed, Uninfected Infants in the United States.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2021Trial
- Infectious-cause hospitalisation in a province-wide cohort of children with antenatal HIV exposure compared to children without HIV exposure.AIDS (London, England) · 2026Article
- Maternal Inflammation Likely Drives Impaired Immune Responses to Respiratory Syncytial Virus in HIV-Exposed Uninfected Infants.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Characterizing immune activation in HIV-exposed but uninfected infants in the first year of life.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Observational
- Differences in growth trajectories in breastfed HIV-exposed uninfected and HIV-unexposed infants in Kenya: An observational cohort study.PLoS medicine · 2025Observational
- Infectious Morbidity and All-cause Mortality of Infants HIV-exposed Uninfected Compared to Infants HIV-unexposed Uninfected in Botswana.The Pediatric infectious disease journal · 2025Article
- Cord blood innate-like T cell responses in neonates born to healthy women and women living with HIV.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Phenotypic characterization of NK cells in 5-year-old children exposed to maternal HIV and antiretroviral therapy in early-life.BMC immunology · 2024Article
- Care of the Child Perinatally Exposed to Human Immunodeficiency Virus.Clinics in perinatology · 2024Review
- Maternal HIV infection and the milk microbiome.Microbiome · 2024Article
- Evaluating the impact of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis on pregnancy, infant, and maternal health outcomes in Malawi: PrIMO study protocol.BMC public health · 2024Observational
- Clinical and immunological outcomes of HIV-exposed uninfected and HIV-unexposed uninfected children in the first 24 months of life in Western Kenya.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Risk and rates of hospitalisation in young children: A prospective study of a South African birth cohort.PLOS global public health · 2024Article
- Reduced B cell frequencies in cord blood of HIV-exposed uninfected infants: an immunological and transcriptomic analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Cell Type-Specific Biomarkers of Systemic Sclerosis Disease Severity Capture Cell-Intrinsic and Cell-Extrinsic Circuits.Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2023Article
- A 12-month Prospective Study of HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected Women and Their Infants in Malawi: Comparative Analysis of Clinical Events and Infant Growth.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2023Article
- HIV-Associated Alterations of the Biophysical Features of Maternal Antibodies Correlate With Their Reduced Transfer Across the Placenta.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2022Article
- Altered Maternal Antibody Profiles in Women With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Drive Changes in Transplacental Antibody Transfer.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
16 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundEpidemiological studies conducted in low- and high-income countries showed that infants exposed to maternal human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have a high risk of severe infections. Immune alterations during fetal life have been proposed as a possible mechanism.
methodsThis prospective study assessed the relative risk of hospitalization for infection in HIV-exposed uninfected (HEU) infants as compared to HIV-unexposed (HU) infants born in a high-income country (HIC). Markers of monocyte activation and levels of pathogen-specific antibodies were measured at birth to identify correlates of infant susceptibility.
resultsThere were 27 of 132 HEU infants and 14 of 123 HU infants hospitalized for infection during the first year of life (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 2.33, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.10-4.97). Most of this increased risk was associated with the time of initiation of maternal antiretroviral therapy (ART). As compared to HU infants, the risk of hospitalization for infection of HEU infants was 4-fold higher when mothers initiated ART during pregnancy (aHR 3.84, 95% CI 1.69-8.71) and was not significantly increased when ART was initiated before pregnancy (aHR 1.42, 95% CI 0.58-3.48). The activation of newborn monocytes and the reduced transfer of maternal antibodies were most intense following ART initiation during pregnancy, and predicted the risk of infant hospitalization.
conclusionsThese observations indicate that initiation of maternal ART before pregnancy reduces the susceptibility of HEU infants born in a HIC to severe infections, and that this effect could be related to the prevention of immune alterations during fetal life.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.