ArticleGlobal health research and policy2018
Validation of a Swahili version of the World Health Organization 5-item well-being index among adults living with HIV and epilepsy in rural coastal Kenya.
Article in Global health research and policy, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- Feasibility, acceptability and initial efficacy of a community-based mental health literacy program delivered by civil society organizations among adults in Kenya: A quasi-experimental study.Global mental health (Cambridge, England) · 2026Article
- Validation of the Bangla WHO-5 well-being index among gender and sexually diverse people in Bangladesh.BMC public health · 2025Article
- The Swahili version of the CD-RISC 10 resilience scale: psychometric properties and factors associated with resilience among healthcare workers in Tanzania.BMC nursing · 2025Article
- Prevalence and associated factors of mental and substance use problems among adults in Kenya: A community-based cross-sectional study.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- Psychometric evidence of the WHO-5 well-being index in a sample of participants from hospitals and older adults care centers in Peru.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Well-being and quality of life of Kenyan nurses, midwives and community health volunteers: Measurement properties and correlates of the BBQ and WHO-5.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- Cross-country validation of the Arabic version of the WHO-5 Well-Being Index in non-clinical young adults from six Arab countries.Global mental health (Cambridge, England) · 2025Article
- A scoping review of well-being measures: conceptualisation and scales for overall well-being.BMC psychology · 2024Article
- Validation and optimal cut-off score of the World Health Organization Well-being Index (WHO-5) as a screening tool for depression among patients with schizophrenia.BMC psychiatry · 2024Article
- Involvement of Personality and Health Status in the Psychological Wellbeing of Subjects with Chronic Disease.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Utility of the 3Di short version in the identification and diagnosis of autism in children at the Kenyan coast.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Article
- Psychological wellbeing among carers of children and adolescents with physical disabilities in North-Eastern Tanzania-a cross-sectional survey study.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Mental health issues and the association of mental health literacy among adolescents in urban Ethiopia.PloS one · 2024Article
- The psychometric properties of the Swahili version of the Primary Care Post Traumatic Stress Disorder screen for DSM-5 among adults in Kenya.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Article
- COVID-19 school closures and mental health of adolescent students: Evidence from rural Mozambique.SSM. Mental health · 2023Article
- Mental health and psychological well-being of Kenyan adolescents from Nairobi and the Coast regions in the context of COVID-19.Child and adolescent psychiatry and mental health · 2023Article
- A cross-sectional study of university students' pocket money variance and its relationship with digital health literacy and subjective well-being in Ghana.Health science reports · 2023Article
- Measurement Properties and Optimal Cutoff Point of the WHO-5 Among Chinese Healthcare Students.Psychology research and behavior management · 2023Article
- Psychometric Properties of the WHO-5 Well-Being Index among Nurses during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study in Three Countries.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- The Importance of Positive Psychological Factors among People Living with HIV: A Comparative Study.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the World Health Organization's five item well-being index (WHO-5) when administered to adults living with HIV or epilepsy in a rural setting at the coast of Kenya.
methodsA case control study design was conducted among 230 adults aged 18-50 years, who comprised 147 cases (63 living with epilepsy and 84 living with HIV) and 83 healthy controls. The participants were administered to a face-to-face interview during which they completed the Swahili version of WHO-5 well-being index, the Major Depression Inventory (MDI) and responded to some items on their socio-demographic characteristics. Analysis to assess internal consistency, construct validity, discriminant validity, and convergent validity of the Swahili version of WHO-5 well-being index was conducted. A multivariate regression was carried out to assess the association between psychological wellbeing (assessed using Swahili version of WHO-5 well-being index) and having a chronic illness (HIV or epilepsy).
resultsThe Swahili version of WHO-5 well-being index demonstrated good internal consistency with Cronbach alpha ranges of 0.86-0.88 among the three study groups. The tool had good discriminant validity. A one factor structure of the tool was obtained from confirmatory factor analysis (overall Comparative Fit Index = 1.00, Tuckler Lewis Index = 1.01, Root Mean Square of Error Approximation = 0.00). Living with HIV or epilepsy in comparison to being a healthy control was significantly associated with greater odds of having sub-optimal psychological wellbeing.
conclusionOur findings demonstrate that the Swahili version of WHO-5 well-being index has good psychometric properties and is appropriate for use to evaluate psychological well-being among adults living with chronic conditions such as HIV or epilepsy from a rural low resource setting in Kenya. Given its brevity and ease of use, the Swahili version of WHO-5 well-being index could potentially be used by lay workers and other paraprofessional to monitor psychological well-being among chronically ill adults in resource poor settings.
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