Observational studyJournal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics2018
The Impact of 1 Year of Healthier School Food Policies on Students' Diets During and Outside of the School Day.
Observational study in Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Pooled it
- Interventions for increasing fruit and vegetable consumption in children aged five years and under.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2020Pooled it
- Interventions for increasing fruit and vegetable consumption in children aged five years and under.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2019Pooled it
- Competitive food availability in schools before and after the onset of COVID-19: an interrupted time series analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- "Competitive" Food and Beverage Laws and Obesity Among Diverse Youth in California High Schools.The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine · 2025Article
- National Policies to Limit Nutrients, Ingredients, or Categories of Concern in School Meals: A Global Scoping Review.Current developments in nutrition · 2024Article
- Article
- Integrated health and nutrition approaches to school feeding: maximising future human capital in Latin America and the Caribbean.Frontiers in public health · 2024Review
- A Call for Theory to Guide Equity-Focused Federal Child Nutrition Program Policy Responses and Recovery Efforts in Times of Public Health Crisis.Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics · 2023Article
- Are Nutrition Standards for Beverages in Schools Associated with Healthier Beverage Intakes among Adolescents in the US?Nutrients · 2020Article
- Article
- Meal Quality of Entrées That Can Be Sold as Competitive Foods in Schools and Potential Impact of the Proposed USDA Rollbacks.Nutrients · 2020Article
- Post-Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act Adherence to Select School Nutrition Standards by Region and Poverty Level: The Healthy Communities Study.Journal of nutrition education and behavior · 2020Observational
- Parents' Perceptions of the Challenges to Helping Their Children Maintain or Achieve a Healthy Weight.Journal of obesity · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundIn 2012, Massachusetts implemented both the updated national school meal standards and comprehensive competitive food/beverage standards that closely align with current national requirements for school snacks.
objectivesThis study examines the impact of these combined standards on school meal and snack food selections, as well as food choices outside of school. In addition, this study examines the impact of these standards on nutrients consumed.
designThe NOURISH (Nutrition Opportunities to Understand Reforms Involving Student Health) Study was an observational cohort study conducted among students from spring 2012 to spring 2013. PARTICIPANTS/
settingOne hundred sixty students in 12 middle schools and high schools in Massachusetts completed two 24-hour recalls before (spring 2012) and after implementation (spring 2013) of the updated standards.
main outcome measuresChanges in school meals, competitive food, and after-school snack selection, as well as nutrients consumed outside of school were examined. STATISTICAL ANALYSES PERFORMED: Logistic regression and mixed-model analysis of variance were used to examine food selection and consumption.
resultsAfter implementation, 13.6% more students chose a school meal (70.1% vs 56.5%; P=0.02). There were no differences in competitive food purchases but a significant decrease in the number of after-school unhealthy snacks consumed (0.69 [standard error=0.08] vs 1.02 [standard error=0.10]; P=0.009). During the entire day, students consumed, on average, 22 fewer grams of sugar daily after implementation compared with before implementation (86 g vs 108 g; P=0.002).
conclusionsWith the reduction in the number of unhealthy school snacks, significantly more students selected school meals. Students did not compensate for lack of unhealthy snacks in school by increased consumption of unhealthy snacks outside of school. This provides important new evidence that both national school meal and snack policies may improve daily diet quality and should remain strong.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.