Evidence map›Paper›PMID 30213258›Full record

Trial reportBMC neurology2018

Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of three scales for measuring balance in patients with chronic stroke.

Ahmad H Alghadir, Einas S Al-Eisa, Shahnawaz Anwer, Bibhuti Sarkar

5 registry-linked trialsAbstract readClinical Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in BMC neurology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 5 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 92 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
92citing papers in PubMed, 4 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT04820777 nacompletednot on this mapstarted 2020, after this paper: background citation

Effects Of Perturbation Based Balance Training in Reactive Balance Control Among Chronic Stroke Patients

TypeinterventionalSponsorRiphah International UniversityRan2020 to 2020Enrolled25ConditionsStrokeArmsperturbation training, Conventional' balance training
NCT05241457 completednot on this mapstarted 2022, after this paper: background citation

Achieving Meaningful Clinical Benchmarks With Ekso Gait Training During Acute Stroke Inpatient Rehabilitation.

TypeobservationalSponsorSunnyview Rehabilitation HospitalRan2022 to 2026Enrolled40ConditionsStroke, Stroke, Acute, Cerebrovascular Accident, Cerebrovascular Accident, AcuteArmsEkso gait training, Standard physical therapy
NCT05903755 naunknown statusnot on this mapstarted 2023, after this paper: background citation

To Understand the Effect of Speed Dependent Treadmill Training on Dual Task Performance in Patient With Parkinson's Disease.

TypeinterventionalSponsorRiphah International UniversityRan2023 to 2023Enrolled22ConditionsParkinson DiseaseArmsspeed dependent treadmill training on moderate speed, speed dependent treadmill training on slow speed
NCT06500611 narecruitingnot on this mapstarted 2024, after this paper: background citation

Combined Effects Of Sensory Integration And Vestibular Exercises On Dizziness, Fall Risk And Quality Of Life In Post-Stroke Patients

TypeinterventionalSponsorRiphah International UniversityRan2024 to 2025Enrolled38ConditionsPost StrokeArmsSensory Integration and Vestibular Exercise with Routine Physical Therapy, Vestibular Exercise with Routine Physical Therapy
NCT06949839 nanot yet recruitingnot on this mapstarted 2025, after this paper: background citation

Effectiveness of a Therapeutic Exercise Program Combined With Respiratory Muscle Training in Patients With Subacute Stroke: a Randomized Clinical Trial

TypeinterventionalSponsorAna Lista PazRan2025 to 2027Enrolled64ConditionsStrokeArmsTherapeutic exercise program combined with RMT, Therapeutic exercise program combined with sham RMT
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

92 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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  7. Impact of Tai Ji Yunshou with Visual Feedback on Balance and Mobility in Stroke Patients.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2025
    Trial
  8. Effects of Remote Exercise on Physical Function in Pre-Frail Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2025
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  13. Augmented reality for stroke rehabilitation during COVID-19.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2022
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  16. Effects of Robot-Assisted Gait Training with Body Weight Support on Gait and Balance in Stroke Patients.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022
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32 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Ahmad H AlghadirRehabilitation Research Chair, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O.Box-10219, Riyadh, 11433, Saudi Arabia.
Einas S Al-EisaRehabilitation Research Chair, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O.Box-10219, Riyadh, 11433, Saudi Arabia.
Shahnawaz AnwerRehabilitation Research Chair, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O.Box-10219, Riyadh, 11433, Saudi Arabia. anwer_shahnawazphysio@rediffmail.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3187-8062
Bibhuti SarkarNational Institute for Locomotor Disabilities (Divyangjan), Kolkata, India.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundVarious outcome measures are used for the assessment of balance and mobility in patients with stroke. The purpose of the present study was to examine test-retest reliability, construct validity, and responsiveness of the Timed Up and Go Test (TUG), Berg Balance Scale (BBS), and Dynamic Gait Index (DGI) for measuring balance in patients with chronic stroke.

methodsFifty-six patients (39 male and 17 female) with chronic stroke participated in this study. A senior physical therapist assessed the test-retest reliability and validity of three scales, including the DGI, TUG, and BBS over two testing sessions. In addition, the third assessment of each scale was taken at the time of discharge to determine the responsiveness of the three outcome measures.

resultsThe reliability of the TUG (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC

conclusionsThe test-retest reliability of the TUG, BBS, and DGI was excellent. The DGI demonstrated slightly better responsiveness than TUG and BBS. However, the small sample size of this study limits the validity of the results.

Indexed as

Exercise TestMobility LimitationPostural BalanceAgedChronic DiseaseFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedReproducibility of ResultsStrokeStroke RehabilitationBalanceBerg balance scaleDynamic gait indexRehabilitationStrokeTimed up and go test

Identifiers

PMID30213258
PMCPMC6136166

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.