Evidence map›Paper›PMID 30213235›Full record

SynthesisTrends in hearing

Diagnostic Criteria for Somatosensory Tinnitus: A Delphi Process and Face-to-Face Meeting to Establish Consensus.

Sarah Michiels, Tanit Ganz Sanchez, Yahav Oron, Annick Gilles, Haúla F Haider, Soly Erlandsson, Karl Bechter, Veronika Vielsmeier, Eberhard Biesinger, Eui-Cheol Nam and 7 more

Open access · goldAbstract readSystematic ReviewConsensus Statement
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Trends in hearing. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
44citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
4.2field-weighted citation impact, top 5% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

44 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 87 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. Trial
  5. Review
  6. Tinnitus.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2026
    Review
  7. Article
  8. Review
  9. Review
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Frequency of Oral Behaviors as a Risk Factor for Somatosensory Tinnitus.International archives of otorhinolaryngology · 2025
    Article
  17. Review
  18. Article
  19. The Current State of Tinnitus Diagnosis and Treatment: a Multidisciplinary Expert Perspective.Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology : JARO · 2024
    Review
  20. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

17 authors at 10 institutions in 9 countries.

Sarah Michiels1 Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium.
Tanit Ganz Sanchez4 Instituto Ganz Sanchez, São Paulo, Brazil.
Yahav Oron6 Department of Otolaryngology, Head, Neck and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Israel.
Annick Gilles2 Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium.
Haúla F Haider8 ENT Department, Hospital Cuf Infante Santo, NOVA Medical School, Lisbon, Portugal.ORCID 0000-0002-3860-5895
Soly Erlandsson9 Center for Child and Youth Studies, University West, Trollhättan, Sweden.
Karl Bechter10 Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy II, Bezirkskrankenhaus Günzburg, University of Ulm, Germany.
Veronika Vielsmeier11 Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Regensburg, Germany.
Eberhard Biesinger12 ENT-Clinic and Otolaryngology Department, Klinikum Traunstein, Germany.
Eui-Cheol Nam13 Department of Otolaryngolgy, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea.
Jeanne Oiticica5 ENT Department, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil.
Ítalo Roberto T de Medeiros5 ENT Department, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil.
Carina Bezerra Rocha5 ENT Department, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil.
Berthold Langguth14 Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, Germany.
Paul Van de Heyning2 Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium.
Willem De Hertogh1 Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium.
Deborah A Hall16 NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-3804-1452
Universidade de São Paulo · BRUniversity of Antwerp · BEUniversity of Regensburg · DEKangwon National University · KRNottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust · GBTel Aviv University · ILUniversidade Nova de Lisboa · PTUniversität Ulm · DEUniversity College Ghent · BEUniversity West · SE

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Since somatic or somatosensory tinnitus (ST) was first described as a subtype of subjective tinnitus, where altered somatosensory afference from the cervical spine or temporomandibular area causes or changes a patient's tinnitus perception, several studies in humans and animals have provided a neurophysiological explanation for this type of tinnitus. Due to a lack of unambiguous clinical tests, many authors and clinicians use their own criteria for diagnosing ST. This resulted in large differences in prevalence figures in different studies and limits the comparison of clinical trials on ST treatment. This study aimed to reach an international consensus on diagnostic criteria for ST among experts, scientists and clinicians using a Delphi survey and face-to-face consensus meeting strategy. Following recommended procedures to gain expert consensus, a two-round Delphi survey was delivered online, followed by an in-person consensus meeting. Experts agreed upon a set of criteria that strongly suggest ST. These criteria comprise items on somatosensory modulation, specific tinnitus characteristics, and symptoms that can accompany the tinnitus. None of these criteria have to be present in every single patient with ST, but in case they are present, they strongly suggest the presence of ST. Because of the international nature of the survey, we expect these criteria to gain wide acceptance in the research field and to serve as a guideline for clinicians across all disciplines. Criteria developed in this consensus paper should now allow further investigation of the extent of somatosensory influence in individual tinnitus patients and tinnitus populations.

Indexed as

Delphi TechniqueDiagnosis, DifferentialFemaleHumansMaleSeverity of Illness IndexSomatosensory DisordersTinnitusDelphi surveyface-to-face consensussomaticsomatosensorytinnitus

Identifiers

PMID30213235
PMCPMC6144502
OpenAlexW2891397868

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.