ArticleNutrients2018
Dietary Cows' Milk Protein A1 Beta-Casein Increases the Incidence of T1D in NOD Mice.
Article in Nutrients, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 46 citations in OpenAlex.
- Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Pathogenesis: Mechanisms, Early Diagnostic Strategies, and Emerging Therapeutic Approaches.Pathophysiology : the official journal of the International Society for Pathophysiology · 2026Review
- β-casomorphin-7: a review of occurrence, identification, techno-functionality, and effects on human health.NPJ science of food · 2026Review
- Review
- Effects of Different Protein Feeds on Nutrient Digestion, Energy Metabolism, Methane Emissions, and Rumen Microbiota in Mutton Sheep.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- Environmental Mechanisms Influencing the Pathogenesis and Progression of Type 1 Diabetes.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Low-Protein Diet Inhibits the Synovial Tissue Macrophage Pro-Inflammatory Polarization Via NRF2/SIRT3/SOD2/ROS Pathway in K/BxN Rheumatoid Arthritis Mice.Inflammation · 2025Article
- Effect of β-casein A2 cow milk supplementation on physical growth, inflammation, growth-related hormones, and nutritional biomarkers in stunted children.Annals of pediatric endocrinology & metabolism · 2025Article
- The Effect of A2 Milk on Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Comparison to A1/A2 Milk: A Single-center, Randomized, Double-blind, Cross-over Study.Journal of cancer prevention · 2024Article
- BCM-7: Opioid-like Peptide with Potential Role in Disease Mechanisms.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- The Immunomodulatory Effects of A2 β-Casein on Immunosuppressed Mice by Regulating Immune Responses and the Gut Microbiota.Nutrients · 2024Article
- A2 milk consumption and its health benefits: an update.Food science and biotechnology · 2024Review
- Difficulties in Establishing the Adverse Effects of β-Casomorphin-7 Released from β-Casein Variants-A Review.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Prevention of Type 1 Diabetes in Children: A Worthy Challenge?International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Review
- Worldwide research on the health effects of bovine milk containing A1 and A2 β-casein: Unraveling the current scenario and future trends through bibliometrics and text mining.Current research in food science · 2023Review
- A2 Milk: New Perspectives for Food Technology and Human Health.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Demographic pattern of A1/A2 beta casein variants indicates conservation of A2 type haplotype across native cattle breeds (3 Biotech · 2022Article
- A1- and A2 beta-casein on health-related outcomes: a scoping review of animal studies.European journal of nutrition · 2022Article
- Your Regulatory T Cells Are What You Eat: How Diet and Gut Microbiota Affect Regulatory T Cell Development.Frontiers in nutrition · 2022Review
- Bovine milk with variant β-casein types on immunological mediated intestinal changes and gut health of mice.Frontiers in nutrition · 2022Article
- Casomorphins and Gliadorphins Have Diverse Systemic Effects Spanning Gut, Brain and Internal Organs.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The contribution of cows' milk containing beta-casein protein A1 variant to the development of type 1 diabetes (T1D) has been controversial for decades. Despite epidemiological data demonstrating a relationship between A1 beta-casein consumption and T1D incidence, direct evidence is limited. We demonstrate that early life exposure to A1 beta-casein through the diet can modify progression to diabetes in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice, with the effect apparent in later generations. Adult NOD mice from the F0 generation and all subsequent generations (F1 to F4) were fed either A1 or A2 beta-casein supplemented diets. Diabetes incidence in F0⁻F2 generations was similar in both cohorts of mice. However, diabetes incidence doubled in the F3 generation NOD mice fed an A1 beta-casein supplemented diet. In F4 NOD mice, subclinical insulitis and altered glucose handling was evident as early as 10 weeks of age in A1 fed mice only. A significant decrease in the proportion of non-conventional regulatory T cell subset defined as CD4⁺CD25
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.