ArticlePloS one2018
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients are exposed to more proton pump inhibitor (PPI)s compared to non-CKD patients.
Article in PloS one, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 15 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Guidelines on optimizing the use of proton pump inhibitors: PPI stewardship.Indian journal of gastroenterology : official journal of the Indian Society of Gastroenterology · 2023Guideline
- Pooled it
- Causal Effects of Early Discontinuation of Proton Pump Inhibitors on Kidney Failure.Kidney international reports · 2026Article
- Renal Outcomes With Potassium-Competitive Acid Blockers Versus Proton Pump Inhibitors in CKD.Kidney international reports · 2026Article
- Inconsistency in the Association Between Proton Pump Inhibitor Use and Dementia Risk: An Updated Meta-Analysis.Brain sciences · 2026Review
- Influence of Ageing on the Pharmacodynamics and Pharmacokinetics of Chronically Administered Medicines in Geriatric Patients: A Review.Clinical pharmacokinetics · 2025Review
- Observational
- Impact of Proton Pump Inhibitors on Kidney Function and Chronic Kidney Disease Progression: A Systematic Review.Cureus · 2023Review
- Proton-Pump Inhibitors and Serum Concentrations of Uremic Toxins in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease.Toxins · 2023Article
- Impact of Acid Suppression Therapy on Renal and Survival Outcomes in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease: A Taiwanese Nationwide Cohort Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- Risk of bias in non-randomized observational studies assessing the relationship between proton-pump inhibitors and adverse kidney outcomes: a systematic review.Therapeutic advances in gastroenterology · 2022Review
- Association between a low dose of proton pump inhibitors and kidney function decline in elderly hypertensive patients: a retrospective observational study.The Journal of international medical research · 2021Observational
- Correction: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients are exposed to more proton pump inhibitor (PPI)s compared to non-CKD patients.PloS one · 2018Article
- Feeling gutted in chronic kidney disease (CKD): Gastrointestinal disorders and therapies to improve gastrointestinal health in individuals CKD, including those undergoing dialysis.Seminars in dialysisReview
- Gastric pH and serum gastrin concentration in age-matched healthy dogs and dogs with chronic kidney disease.Journal of veterinary internal medicineArticle
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundProton pump inhibitor use is associated with incident chronic kidney disease, chronic kidney disease progression and end-stage renal disease. However, the extent of proton pump inhibitor prescriptions to chronic kidney disease patients is still unclear.
methodIn a retrospective study, we enrolled patients (>18 years old) who received proton pump inhibitor in the out-patient setting from 2014 through 2015. All data was obtained from electronical medical records of Soonchunhyang Medical Center. The prescription patterns and characteristics of proton pump inhibitors were analyzed according to individual estimated glomerular filtration rate of the patients.
resultDuring the study period 178,228 patients visited the out-patient clinic. Proton pump inhibitors were prescribed to 9,109 (5.11%) patients. In our sample, 50% were females and 9.8% were chronic kidney disease (eGFR<60mL/min/1.73 m2) patients. Among the patients with chronic kidney disease, 730 (8.0%) were categorized as stage 3 or 4 and 166 (1.8%) were categorized as stage 5 or end-stage renal disease. The prevalence of proton pump inhibitors prescription among chronic kidney disease patients was higher than in the non-chronic kidney disease group (p<0.001). Median duration of usage was 120 [interquartile range 63-273] days in the stage 3-4 group, 106 [56-266] days in the stage 5-end-stage renal disease group and 90 [56-176] days in the non-chronic kidney disease group. Patients in stage 3-4 group were prescribed longer duration of proton pump inhibitors than the non-chronic kidney disease group even after adjusting for age and sex (p<0.001). The main departments of medicine which prescribed proton pump inhibitors for the stage 3-4 group were gastroenterology (40.0%), cardiology (29.6%), nephrology (9.5%) and neurology (4.8%). Compared to the non-chronic kidney disease group, the stage 3-4 and stage 5-end-stage renal disease group were taking larger number of drugs simultaneously (6.90±4.17 vs4.54±2.43; p<0.001, 5.64±2.87 vs 4.54±2.34; p<0.001, respectively).
conclusionChronic kidney disease patients are taking proton pump inhibitors for a much longer duration compared to non-chronic kidney disease patients. Physicians should pay careful attention when prescribing proton pump inhibitors to high risk groups.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.