Trial reportInternational journal of rehabilitation research. Internationale Zeitschrift fur Rehabilitationsforschung. Revue internationale de recherches de readaptation2019
Clinical study of combined mirror and extracorporeal shock wave therapy on upper limb spasticity in poststroke patients.
Trial report in International journal of rehabilitation research. Internationale Zeitschrift fur Rehabilitationsforschung. Revue internationale de recherches de readaptation, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy of extracorporeal shock wave therapy for post-stroke spasticity and dose-response analysis: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.European journal of physical and rehabilitation medicine · 2025Pooled it
- A systematic review on extracorporeal shock wave therapy and botulinum toxin for spasticity treatment: a comparison on efficacy.European journal of physical and rehabilitation medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Predictive Value of Upper Extremity Outcome Measures After Stroke-A Systematic Review and Metaregression Analysis.Frontiers in neurology · 2021Pooled it
- Transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation for upper limb spasticity after stroke: effect and feasibility-a randomised pilot study.BMJ supportive & palliative care · 2025Trial
- The Role of Radial Shockwave Therapy in Reducing Spasticity and Improving Upper-Limb Function Following Stroke.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Radial extracorporeal shock wave therapy improves upper limb function in chronic stroke patients: a randomized sham-controlled trial.Clinics (Sao Paulo, Brazil) · 2026Article
- Modern Upper-Limb Rehabilitation Interventions in Stroke Patients with Spasticity.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Extracorporeal Shockwave Treatment as Additional Therapy in Patients with Post-Stroke Spasticity of Upper Limb-A Narrative Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Non-Pharmacological Therapies for Post-Stroke Spastic Paralysis: A Bibliometric Analysis of Global Research from 2000 to 2024.Journal of multidisciplinary healthcare · 2024Review
- Effects of Functional Acupuncture on Upper Limb Spasticity After Ischemic Stroke: A Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Parallel Clinical Trial.Frontiers in neurology · 2022Article
- Comparative Effectiveness of Botulinum Toxin Injections and Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy for Post-Stroke Spasticity: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis.EClinicalMedicine · 2022Article
- Mirror Therapy Rehabilitation in Stroke: A Scoping Review of Upper Limb Recovery and Brain Activities.Rehabilitation research and practice · 2021Article
- Effectiveness of Shock Wave Therapy as a Treatment for Spasticity: A Systematic Review.Brain sciences · 2020Review
- The Effects of Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy on Spastic Muscle of the Wrist Joint in Stroke Survivors: Evidence From Neuromechanical Analysis.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2020Article
- The efficacy of extracorporeal shock wave combined with platelet rich plasma in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis with meniscus injury: A retrospective analysis.Pakistan journal of medical sciencesArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Mirror therapy is a simple, inexpensive, and patient-oriented method that has been shown to reduce phantom sensations and pain caused by amputation and improve range of motion, speed, and accuracy of arm movement and function. Extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) is a new, reversible, and noninvasive method for the treatment of spasticity after stroke. To investigate the therapeutic effect of the combination of mirror and extracorporeal shock wave therapy on upper limb spasticity in poststroke patients. We randomly assigned 120 patients into four groups: A, B, C, and D. All groups received conventional rehabilitation training for 30 min per day, five times a week, for 4 weeks. Moreover, participants in groups A, B, and C also added mirror therapy, ESWT, and a combination of mirror and ESWT, respectively, for 20 min per day. Motor recovery and spasticity were measured using Fugl-Meyer assessment and modified Ashworth scale. The differences in the Fugl-Meyer assessment and modified Ashworth scale scores in group C were significantly greater than those of group D at all observed time points after treatment and were significantly greater than those of groups A and B (P<0.05), but no significant differences were observed between groups A and B until 12 months. Upper extremity spasticity was improved by combined mirror and ESWT.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.