ArticleFrontiers in immunology2018
GM-CSF Quantity Has a Selective Effect on Granulocytic vs. Monocytic Myeloid Development and Function.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- GM-CSF Promotes Superior In Vitro Differentiation of MHC IIInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Integrative bioinformatics and experimental analysis reveals FRA1 as a key mediator of tubulointerstitial inflammation in lupus nephritis.Molecular medicine reports · 2026Article
- Differentiation of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells into CD45iScience · 2026Article
- Slc1a2-mediated Glutamate Transport Promotes Dendritic Cell Immunity through Sema3A-regulated Cytoskeletal Remodeling and Migration.International journal of biological sciences · 2026Article
- GM-CSF promotes pro-inflammatory macrophage activation associated with Akt/mTOR signaling during experimental colitis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- The Role of Protein Kinases in the Suppressive Phenotype of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Immunoregulatory iPSC-derived non-lymphoid progeny in autoimmunity and GVHD alloimmunity.Stem cells (Dayton, Ohio) · 2025Review
- Immune-enhancing neutrophils reprogrammed by subclinical low-dose endotoxin in cancer treatment.EMBO molecular medicine · 2024Article
- Roles of macrophages in lupus nephritis.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Review
- Gain‑of‑function of IDO in DCs inhibits T cell immunity by metabolically regulating surface molecules and cytokines.Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2023Article
- Who Knew? Dopamine Transporter Activity Is Critical in Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses.Cells · 2023Article
- The Role of Growth Factors in the Pathogenesis of Dengue: A Scoping Review.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Self-Tolerance of Vascular Tissues Is Broken Down by Vascular Dendritic Cells in Response to Systemic Inflammation to Initiate Regional Autoinflammation.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Water-soluble trehalose glycolipids show superior Mincle binding and signaling but impaired phagocytosis and IL-1β production.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2022Article
- Repositioning TNature immunology · 2021Review
- Activation of GM-CSF and TLR2 signaling synergistically enhances antigen-specific antitumor immunity and modulates the tumor microenvironment.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2021Article
- Allogeneic adipose-derived stem cells mitigate acute radiation syndrome by the rescue of damaged bone marrow cells from apoptosis.Stem cells translational medicine · 2021Article
- COVID-19 virtual patient cohort suggests immune mechanisms driving disease outcomes.PLoS pathogens · 2021Article
- Lower respiratory tract delivery, airway clearance, and preclinical efficacy of inhaled GM-CSF in a postinfluenza pneumococcal pneumonia model.American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology · 2020Article
- GM-CSF in inflammation.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
GM-CSF promotes myeloid differentiation of cultured bone marrow cells into cells of the granulocytic and monocytic lineage; the latter can further differentiate into monocytes/macrophages and dendritic cells. How GM-CSF selects for these different myeloid fates is unresolved. GM-CSF levels can change either iatrogenically (e.g., augmenting leukopoiesis after radiotherapy) or naturally (e.g., during infection or inflammation) resulting in different immunological outcomes. Therefore, we asked whether the dose of GM-CSF may regulate the development of three types of myeloid cells. Here, we showed that GM-CSF acted as a molecular rheostat where the quantity determined which cell type was favored; moreover, the cellular process by which this was achieved was different for each cell type. Thus, low quantities of GM-CSF promoted the granulocytic lineage, mainly through survival. High quantities promoted the monocytic lineage, mainly through proliferation, whereas moderate quantities promoted moDCs, mainly through differentiation. Finally, we demonstrated that monocytes/macrophages generated with different doses of GM-CSF differed in function. We contend that this selective effect of GM-CSF dose on myeloid differentiation and function should be taken into consideration during pathophysiological states that may alter GM-CSF levels and during GM-CSF agonistic or antagonistic therapy.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.