Observational studyPediatric diabetes2018
Incidence and risk of celiac disease after type 1 diabetes: A population-based cohort study using the health improvement network database.
Observational study in Pediatric diabetes, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Associations between coeliac disease and musculoskeletal conditions: epidemiology and genetic evidence from a large-scale cohort study.Clinical rheumatology · 2026Article
- Prevalence and Predictive Factors for Celiac Disease in Children With Type 1 Diabetes: Whom and When to Screen? A Nationwide Longitudinal Cohort Study of Swedish Children.Diabetes care · 2024Article
- Review
- The Experience of a Gluten-free Diet in Children with Type 1 Diabetes and Celiac Disease.Journal of the Canadian Association of Gastroenterology · 2022Article
- Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Are Associated With an Increased Risk for Chronic Kidney Disease, Which Decreases With Age.Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association · 2020Article
- The Challenges of Identifying Environmental Determinants of Type 1 Diabetes: In Search of the Holy Grail.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2020Review
- Possible Prevention of Diabetes with a Gluten-Free Diet.Nutrients · 2018Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo determine the incidence of and risk factors for development of celiac disease (CD) in individuals with type 1 diabetes.
methodsCohort study using The Health Improvement Network (THIN), a UK primary care database of >13 million people. Individuals with incident type 1 diabetes diagnosed at 1 to 35 years of age between 1995 and 2015 with no previous diagnosis of CD were included. Cox regression was used to identify risk factors for CD, including age at diabetes diagnosis and sex, while adjusting for year of diagnosis to control for potential rising incidence in CD over time.
resultsSubjects (n = 9180; 43% female) had a median observation time of 5.1 years (interquartile range 2.0-10.1). CD was diagnosed in 196 (2%) during follow up. Median time to diagnosis was 2.1 years, but 25% were diagnosed more than 5 years after diabetes diagnosis. Incidence (per 10 000 person-years) was greater in females (43.0 [95% confidence interval [CI] 35.2-52.0]) vs males (26.8 [95% CI 21.5-32.9]). In multivariable Cox regression stratified by childhood- vs young adult-onset diabetes, younger age at diabetes diagnosis within childhood (hazard ratio [HR] 0.91 [95% CI 0.88-0.94]) and female sex among the adult-onset diabetes group (HR 3.19 [95% CI 1.39-7.34]) were associated with greater risk of CD.
conclusionsAs expected, incidence of CD was higher in individuals with childhood-onset diabetes vs those with adult-onset diabetes. However, individuals with diabetes are at risk of developing CD throughout childhood and adulthood, and prolonged screening after diagnosis may be warranted. Prospective studies are needed in order to guide risk-stratified approaches to screening.
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