ArticleMicrobiome2018
Dichotomous development of the gut microbiome in preterm infants.
Article in Microbiome, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 48 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
48 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 68 citations in OpenAlex.
- Determinants of the Very Low-Birth-Weight Infant's Intestinal Microbiome: A Systematic Review.The Journal of perinatal & neonatal nursingPooled it
- A systematic review of the factors influencing microbial colonization of the preterm infant gut.Gut microbesPooled it
- Maternal exposures and the infant gut microbiome: a systematic review with meta-analysis.Gut microbesPooled it
- Early gut microbiome composition of very preterm infants randomised to receive human milk volumes of 60 ml/kg/day or more within the first 36 hours after birth.Pediatric research · 2026Trial
- Compact Gut Microbial Dysbiosis Signature Associated with Necrotizing Enterocolitis and Altered Early Microbiota Development.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Probiotics and the Gut Microbiome in Combat Sports: A Narrative Review of Performance, Recovery, and Health Pathways.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2026Review
- Early-Life Demographic Factors Shape Gut Microbiome Patterns Associated with Rotavirus Gastroenteritis Severity.Viruses · 2025Article
- Changes in intestinal bacterial characteristics during hospitalization in the NICU in very low birth weight infants.Italian journal of pediatrics · 2025Article
- Article
- Prolonged premature rupture of membranes with increased risk of infection is associated with gut accumulation ofComputational and structural biotechnology journal · 2024Article
- Necrotizing Enterocolitis and Neurodevelopmental Impairments: Microbiome, Gut, and Brain Entanglements.Biomolecules · 2024Review
- Maternal stress during the third trimester of pregnancy and the neonatal microbiome.The journal of maternal-fetal & neonatal medicine : the official journal of the European Association of Perinatal Medicine, the Federation of Asia and Oceania Perinatal Societies, the International Society of Perinatal Obstetricians · 2023Article
- Early gut microbiota intervention in premature infants: Application perspectives.Journal of advanced research · 2023Review
- Scarring the early-life microbiome: its potential life-long effects on human health and diseases.BMB reports · 2023Review
- The role of Klebsiella populations in preterm infants.Biochemical Society transactions · 2023Review
- Necrotizing Enterocolitis: The Role of Hypoxia, Gut Microbiome, and Microbial Metabolites.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Clinical and histopathological correlates of intestinal repair in preterm infants following surgical necrotizing enterocolitis.The journal of maternal-fetal & neonatal medicine : the official journal of the European Association of Perinatal Medicine, the Federation of Asia and Oceania Perinatal Societies, the International Society of Perinatal Obstetricians · 2022Article
- The Association between Gut Microbiome Diversity and Composition and Heat Tolerance in Cattle.Microorganisms · 2022Article
- Isolation and Characterization of Commensal Bifidobacteria Strains in Gut Microbiota of Neonates Born Preterm: A Prospective Longitudinal Study.Microorganisms · 2022Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPreterm infants are at risk of developing intestinal dysbiosis with an increased proportion of Gammaproteobacteria. In this study, we sought the clinical determinants of the relative abundance of feces-associated Gammaproteobacteria in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants. Fecal microbiome was characterized at ≤ 2 weeks and during the 3rd and 4th weeks after birth, by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. Maternal and infant clinical characteristics were extracted from electronic medical records. Data were analyzed by linear mixed modeling and linear regression.
resultsClinical data and fecal microbiome profiles of 45 VLBW infants (gestational age 27.9 ± 2.2 weeks; birth weight 1126 ± 208 g) were studied. Three stool samples were analyzed for each infant at mean postnatal ages of 9.9 ± 3, 20.7 ± 4.1, and 29.4 ± 4.9 days. The average relative abundance of Gammaproteobacteria was 42.5% (0-90%) at ≤ 2 weeks, 69.7% (29.9-86.9%) in the 3rd, and 75.5% (54.5-86%) in the 4th week (p < 0.001). Hierarchical and K-means clustering identified two distinct subgroups: cluster 1 started with comparatively low abundance that increased with time, whereas cluster 2 began with a greater abundance at ≤ 2 weeks (p < 0.001) that decreased over time. Both groups resembled each other by the 3rd week. Single variants of Klebsiella and Staphylococcus described variance in community structure between clusters and were shared between all infants, suggesting a common, hospital-derived source. Fecal Gammaproteobacteria was positively associated with vaginal delivery and antenatal steroids.
conclusionsWe detected a dichotomy in gut microbiome assembly in preterm infants: some preterm infants started with low relative gammaproteobacterial abundance in stool that increased as a function of postnatal age, whereas others began with and maintained high abundance. Vaginal birth and antenatal steroids were identified as predictors of Gammaproteobacteria abundance in the early (≤ 2 weeks) and later (3rd and 4th weeks) stool samples, respectively. These findings are important in understanding the development of the gut microbiome in premature infants.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.