ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2018
Cellular Sources and Regional Variations in the Expression of the Neuroinflammatory Marker Translocator Protein (TSPO) in the Normal Brain.
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 61 papers.
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Who cites it
61 citing papers in PubMed.
- A double-blind placebo-controlled trial of minocycline on translocator protein distribution volume in treatment-resistant major depressive disorder.Translational psychiatry · 2021Trial
- Sex differences in the neuroimmune response following heavy, binge-like alcohol exposure in adolescent rats.Journal of neuroimmunology · 2025Article
- Amyloid-β plaque-associated microglia drive TSPO upregulation in Alzheimer's disease.Acta neuropathologica · 2025Article
- Characteristics of TSPO expression in marmoset EAE.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2025Article
- 18 kDa Translocator protein (TSPO) is upregulated in rat brain after peripheral nerve injury and downregulated by diroximel fumarate.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2025Article
- Translocator protein (TSPO) is a biomarker of Zika virus (ZIKV) infection-associated neuroinflammation.Emerging microbes & infections · 2024Article
- Translocator Protein 18 kDa (TSPO): A Promising Molecular Target for Image-Guided Surgery of Solid Cancers.Advanced pharmaceutical bulletin · 2024Review
- Established and emerging techniques for the study of microglia: visualization, depletion, and fate mapping.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2024Review
- PET Imaging of Innate Immune Activation UsingJACS Au · 2023Article
- Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) and Translocator Protein (TSPO) as Diagnostic Biomarkers for Acute Ischemic Stroke.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Multiplexing Biosensor for the Detection of Extracellular Vesicles as Biomarkers of Tissue Damage and Recovery after Ischemic Stroke.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Pharmacological modulation of TSPO in microglia/macrophages and neurons in a chronic neurodegenerative model of prion disease.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2023Article
- TSPO expression in a Zika virus murine infection model as an imaging target for acute infection-induced neuroinflammation.European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging · 2023Article
- The Comprehensive Steroidome in Complete TSPO/PBR Knockout Mice under Basal Conditions.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Translocator protein in the rise and fall of central nervous system neurons.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2023Review
- Corneal immune cells as a biomarker of inflammation in multiple sclerosis: a longitudinal study.Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders · 2023Article
- Advances in the study of the molecular biological mechanisms of radiation-induced brain injury.American journal of cancer research · 2023Review
- Emerging Materials, Wearables, and Diagnostic Advancements in Therapeutic Treatment of Brain Diseases.Biosensors · 2022Review
- A dual tracer [Bioelectronic medicine · 2022Article
- Imaging Characteristics of Choroid Plexuses in Presymptomatic Multiple Sclerosis: A Retrospective Study.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2022Article
1 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
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Abstract
The inducible expression of the mitochondrial translocator protein 18 kDa (TSPO) by activated microglia is a prominent, regular feature of acute and chronic-progressive brain pathology. This expression is also the rationale for the continual development of new TSPO binding molecules for the diagnosis of "neuroinflammation" by molecular imaging. However, there is in the normal brain an ill-defined, low-level constitutive expression of TSPO. Taking advantage of healthy TSPO knockout mouse brain tissue to validate TSPO antibody specificity, this study uses immunohistochemistry to determine the regional distribution and cellular sources of TSPO in the normal mouse brain. Fluorescence microscopy revealed punctate TSPO immunostaining in vascular endothelial cells throughout the brain. In the olfactory nerve layers and glomeruli of the olfactory bulb, choroid plexus and ependymal layers, we confirm constitutive TSPO expression levels similar to peripheral organs, while some low TSPO expression is present in regions of known neurogenesis, as well as cerebellar Purkinje cells. The distributed-sparse expression of TSPO in endothelial mitochondria throughout the normal brain can be expected to give rise to a low baseline signal in TSPO molecular imaging studies. Finally, our study emphasises the need for valid and methodologically robust verification of the selectivity of TSPO ligands through the use of TSPO knockout tissues.
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