ArticleVector borne and zoonotic diseases (Larchmont, N.Y.)2019
Human-Biting Ixodes Ticks and Pathogen Prevalence from California, Oregon, and Washington.
Article in Vector borne and zoonotic diseases (Larchmont, N.Y.), 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 48 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
48 citing papers in PubMed, 72 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Molecular Surveillance Reveals Diverse Tick-Borne Pathogens in Northern California.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Surveillance forCanada communicable disease report = Releve des maladies transmissibles au Canada · 2026Article
- Cross-continental hitchhiking of exotic ticks on human travelers and ensuing public health challenges in the USA.iScience · 2025Article
- Prevalence of Rickettsia species phylotype G022 and Rickettsia tillamookensis in Ixodes pacificus nymphs and adults from Northern California.Ticks and tick-borne diseases · 2025Article
- Article
- Detection ofInsects · 2025Article
- Investigating the prevalence of three medically important pathogens inFrontiers in parasitology · 2025Article
- Geographic variation in the distribution of Anaplasma phagocytophilum variants in host-seeking Ixodes scapularis nymphs and adults in the eastern United States elucidated using next generation sequencing.Ticks and tick-borne diseases · 2024Article
- Metatranscriptomic investigation of singlemSystems · 2024Article
- History of the geographic distribution of the western blacklegged tick, Ixodes pacificus, in the United States.Ticks and tick-borne diseases · 2024Review
- Active Surveillance of Powassan Virus in MassachusettsViruses · 2024Article
- What a Tick Can Tell a Doctor: Using the Human-Biting Tick in the Clinical Management of Tick-Borne Disease.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Ticks and tick-borne microbes identified through passive and active surveillance in Alaska.Journal of medical entomology · 2023Article
- Analysis of macerated ticks using Boolean logic gating colorimetric isothermal nucleic acid assays for Lyme Borrelia and Ixodes scapularis ticks.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Tick Densities and Infection Prevalence on Coastal Islands in Massachusetts, USA: Establishing a Baseline.Insects · 2023Article
- A serological assay to detect and differentiate rodent exposure to soft tick and hard tick relapsing fever infections in the United States.Ticks and tick-borne diseases · 2023Article
- Detection ofVector borne and zoonotic diseases (Larchmont, N.Y.) · 2023Article
- Surveillance forCanada communicable disease report = Releve des maladies transmissibles au Canada · 2023Article
- Human-BitingMicroorganisms · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
From July 2006 through August 2017, a passive surveillance study of Ixodes ticks submitted from California, Oregon, and Washington was conducted by the TickReport program at the University of Massachusetts, Amherst. In total, 549 human-biting Ixodes ticks were submitted comprising both endemic and nonendemic species. We found that 430 endemic ticks were from 3 Ixodes species: Ixodes pacificus, Ixodes spinipalpis, and Ixodes angustus, whereas Ixodes scapularis (n = 111) was the most common species among the 119 nonendemic ticks. The submission peak for nymphal I. pacificus and I. spinipalpis was June, while submission peak for adult I. pacificus and nymphal I. angustus was April and September, respectively. Endemic ticks commonly attached to the lower extremities of their victims, and individuals younger than 9 years old were frequently bitten. The infection prevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, Borrelia miyamotoi, and Anaplasma phagocytophilum in I. pacificus ticks was 1.31%, 1.05%, and 0.52%, respectively, and the prevalence of B. burgdorferi s. l. and A. phagocytophilum in I. spinipalpis ticks was 14.29% and 10.71%, respectively. Furthermore, two species within the B. burgdorferi s. l. complex were detected in West Coast ticks: B. burgdorferi sensu stricto and Borrelia lanei. I. spinipalpis had the highest Borrelia prevalence among endemic ticks, and it was caused exclusively by B. lanei. Borrelia mayonii, Babesia microti, and Ehrlichia muris-like agent were not detected in these endemic ticks. In this study, we show that many nonendemic Ixodes ticks (119/549) are most likely acquired from travel to a different geographic region. We report cases of conventionally recognized nonhuman feeders (I. spinipalpis and I. angustus) parasitizing humans. The highest pathogen prevalence in I. spinipalpis may indicate a larger public health threat than previously thought, and the enzootic life cycle and pathogenicity of B. lanei warrant further study.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.