ArticleScientific reports2018
Antiviral innate immune response in non-myeloid cells is augmented by chloride ions via an increase in intracellular hypochlorous acid levels.
3 registry-linked trialsOpen access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph
Article in Scientific reports, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 3 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 43 papers.
0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
43citing papers in PubMed
4.9field-weighted citation impact, top 4% of its field
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Hypertonic saline coated face mask for reducing respiratory symptom severity in patients with covid-19
A Single-center, Open-label, Randomized Controlled Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy of Sino-nasal and Mouth Cavity Rinse With an Iodine-based Solution in Reducing Viral Load in Asymptomatic Coronavirus Diseases (COVID-19)
Intranasal Lavage With Hypochlorous Acid Safely Reduces the Symptoms in the Ambulatory Patient With COVID-19.
Who cites it
43 citing papers in PubMed, 82 citations in OpenAlex.
- Nasal sprays and a behavioural intervention for respiratory tract infections in primary care: 12-month follow-up of a randomised open-label trial.The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners · 2026Trial
- Hypertonic saline nasal irrigation and gargling for suspected or confirmed COVID-19: Pragmatic randomised controlled trial (ELVIS COVID-19).Journal of global health · 2024Trial
- Nasopharyngeal Wash with Normal Saline Decreases SARS-CoV-2 Viral Load: A Randomized Pilot Controlled Trial.Canadian respiratory journal · 2022Trial
- A pilot, open labelled, randomised controlled trial of hypertonic saline nasal irrigation and gargling for the common cold.Scientific reports · 2019Trial
- Hypochlorous Acid: Clinical Insights and Experience in Dermatology, Surgery, Dentistry, Ophthalmology, Rhinology, and Other Specialties.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Nasal Irrigations: A 360-Degree View in Clinical Practice.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Review
- A qualitative process evaluation of a nasal spray intervention to prevent respiratory tract infections.PloS one · 2025Article
- Holistic care in mild upper respiratory tract infections (MURTIs): an approach to individualized care management.Drugs in context · 2025Review
- Significance of saline nasalirrigation for COVID-19 infection: observations and reflections from nursing care of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.Translational cancer research · 2024Article
- EPS T14 fromImmunoTargets and therapy · 2024Article
- Application of methylene blue for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19: A narrative review.Iranian journal of basic medical sciences · 2024Review
- A Hypertonic Seawater Nasal Irrigation Solution Containing Algal and Herbal Natural Ingredients Reduces Viral Load and SARS-CoV-2 Detection Time in the Nasal Cavity.Journal of personalized medicine · 2023Article
- Thinking beyond Vaccination: Promising Add-On Strategies to Active Immunization and Vaccination in Pandemics-A Mini-Review.Viruses · 2023Review
- Mega-scale desalination efficacy (Reverse Osmosis, Electrodialysis, Membrane Distillation, MED, MSF) during COVID-19: Evidence from salinity, pretreatment methods, temperature of operation.Journal of hazardous materials advances · 2023Article
- Antimicrobial efficacy, mode of action and in vivo use of hypochlorous acid (HOCl) for prevention or therapeutic support of infections.GMS hygiene and infection control · 2023Review
- Saline nasal irrigation and gargling in COVID-19: a multidisciplinary review of effects on viral load, mucosal dynamics, and patient outcomes.Frontiers in public health · 2023Review
- COVID-19 and the role of cytokines in this disease.Inflammopharmacology · 2022Review
- Hypochlorous acid as an antiseptic in the care of patients with suspected COVID-19 infection.Archivos de la Sociedad Espanola de Oftalmologia · 2022Article
- [Hypochlorous acid as an antiseptic in the care of patients with suspected COVID-19 infection].Archivos de la Sociedad Espanola de Oftalmologia · 2022Article
- Effect of nasal irrigation in adults infected with Omicron variant of COVID-19: A quasi-experimental study.Frontiers in public health · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Sandeep RamalingamDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh, UK. Sandeep.ramalingam@nhslothian.scot.nhs.uk.ORCID 0000-0001-7676-4267
Baiyi CaiDivision of Infection and Pathway Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
Junsheng WongDivision of Infection and Pathway Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
Matthew TwomeyDivision of Infection and Pathway Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
Rui ChenDivision of Infection and Pathway Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
Rebecca M FuDivision of Infection and Pathway Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
Toby BooteDivision of Infection and Pathway Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
Hugh McCaughanDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh, UK.
Samantha J GriffithsDivision of Infection and Pathway Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-6782-4675
Jürgen G HaasDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh, UK.
University of Edinburgh · GBNHS Lothian · GB
Funding
Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council BB/K003801/1Chief Scientist Office [UK]Medical Research Council MR/P011349/1Medical Research Council (MRC) MR/P011349/1
Abstract
Phagocytes destroy ingested microbes by producing hypochlorous acid (HOCl) from chloride ions (Cl
Indexed as
Immunity, InnateA549 CellsAniline CompoundsAnimalsChloride ChannelsHeLa CellsHumansHydrogen PeroxideHypochlorous AcidIonsMiceNIH 3T3 CellsPeroxidaseSodium ChlorideViruses4-aminobenzhydrazideAniline CompoundsChloride ChannelsHydrogen PeroxideHypochlorous AcidIonsMPO protein, humanPeroxidaseSodium Chloride
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.