ArticleEpidemiology and infection2018
A spatial and temporal analysis of risk factors associated with sporadic Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O157 infection in England between 2009 and 2015.
Article in Epidemiology and infection, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Ruminant-dense environments increase risk of reported Shiga toxin-producingApplied and environmental microbiology · 2025Article
- Article
- Ruminant-dense environments increase risk of Shiga toxin-producingmedRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2024Article
- Differences in risk factors for transmission among Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli serogroups and stx profiles.The Journal of infection · 2023Article
- Sporadic Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli-Associated Pediatric Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome, France, 2012-2021.Emerging infectious diseases · 2023Article
- Analysis ofMicrobial genomics · 2023Article
- Cluster analysis and geospatial mapping of antibiotic resistantOne health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2022Article
- Genomic Analysis of Shiga Toxin-ProducingToxins · 2022Article
- The epidemiology of Shiga toxin-producingEpidemiology and infection · 2022Article
- Molecular detection of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) O157 in sheep, goats, cows and buffaloes.Molecular biology reports · 2021Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Infection with STEC O157 is relatively rare but has potentially serious sequelae, particularly for children. Large outbreaks have prompted considerable efforts designed to reduce transmission primarily from food and direct animal contact. Despite these interventions, numbers of infections have remained constant for many years and the mechanisms leading to many sporadic infections remain unclear.Here, we show that two-thirds of all cases reported in England between 2009 and 2015 were sporadic. Crude rates of infection differed geographically and were highest in rural areas during the summer months. Living in rural areas with high densities of cattle, sheep or pigs and those served by private water supplies were associated with increased risk. Living in an area of lower deprivation contributed to increased risk but this appeared to be associated with reported travel abroad. Fresh water coverage and residential proximity to the coast were not risk factors.To reduce the overall burden of infection in England, interventions designed to reduce the number of sporadic infections with STEC should focus on the residents of rural areas with high densities of livestock and the effective management of non-municipal water supplies. The role of sheep as a reservoir and potential source of infection in humans should not be overlooked.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.