Evidence map›Paper›PMID 30205463›Full record

ArticleInternational journal of environmental research and public health2018

Nonlinear Granger Causality between Health Care Expenditure and Economic Growth in the OECD and Major Developing Countries.

Liping Ye, Xinping Zhang

Abstract readComparative Study
In one paragraph

Article in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
13citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. The trilemma among COScientific reports · 2023
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  7. Article
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  10. Spillover effect between carbon spot and futures market: evidence from EU ETS.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2021
    Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Health Care Financing Systems and Their Effectiveness: An Empirical Study of OECD Countries.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2019
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Liping YeSchool of Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China. xiaoye3531@126.com.
Xinping ZhangSchool of Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China. xpzhang602@hust.edu.cn.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Differing from previous studies ignoring the nonlinear features, this study employs both the linear and nonlinear Granger causality tests to examine the complex causal relationship between health care expenditure and economic growth among 15 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and 5 major developing countries. Some interesting findings can be obtained as follows: (1) For Australia, Austria, and UK, linear and nonlinear Granger causality does not exist between them. A unidirectional linear or nonlinear causality running from economic growth to health care expenditure can be found for Ireland, Korea, Portugal, and India. For these seven countries, health or fiscal policy related to health spending will not have an impact on economic growth; (2) For Belgium, Norway, and Mexico, only a unidirectional linear causality runs from health care expenditure to economic growth, while bidirectional linear causality can be found for Canada, Finland, Iceland, New Zealand, Spain, Brazil, and South Africa. Especially for the US, China, and Japan, a unidirectional nonlinear causality exists from health spending to economic growth. To improve the quality of national health, life quality and happiness, these 13 countries should actively look to optimise policy related to health care expenditure, such as by enhancing the efficiency of health costs to promote sustainable economic development.

Indexed as

Economic DevelopmentAustraliaAustriaBelgiumBrazilCanadaChinaDeveloped CountriesDeveloping CountriesFinlandGross Domestic ProductHealth ExpendituresHumansIcelandIndiaIrelandeconomic growthhealth care expenditureLinear Granger causality testNonlinear Granger causality test

Identifiers

PMID30205463
PMCPMC6163394

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.