ArticleNeuroImage2019
The BOLD response in primary motor cortex and supplementary motor area during kinesthetic motor imagery based graded fMRI neurofeedback.
Article in NeuroImage, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 25 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Feasibility Study of fMRI-neurofeedback in Parkinson's Disease
MOTOR-NF - a Randomized Controlled Trial of FMRI-based Neurofeedback for Motor Symptoms of Parkinson's Disease
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Frontostriatal circuitry as a target for fMRI-based neurofeedback interventions: A systematic review.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2022Pooled it
- A Guide to Literature Informed Decisions in the Design of Real Time fMRI Neurofeedback Studies: A Systematic Review.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2020Pooled it
- EEG-fMRI neurofeedback versus motor imagery after stroke, a randomized controlled trial.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2025Trial
- Clinical and neurophysiological effects of bilateral repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and EEG-guided neurofeedback in Parkinson's disease: a randomized, four-arm controlled trial.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2024Trial
- Altered activation in sensorimotor network after applying rTMS over the primary motor cortex at different frequencies.Brain and behavior · 2020Trial
- Motor imagery affects both cortical and spinal circuitry: a transcranial and trans-spinal magnetic stimulation study.Frontiers in neural circuits · 2026Article
- Basal ganglia as an fMRI motor neurofeedback target in Parkinson's disease.Applied psychophysiology and biofeedback · 2025Article
- Anodal tDCS over the supplementary motor area increases motor overflow during imagined aiming movement.Experimental brain research · 2025Article
- Beta-band desynchronization in the human hippocampus during movement preparation in a delayed reach task.Experimental brain research · 2025Article
- Hippocampal-entorhinal cognitive maps and cortical motor system represent action plans and their outcomes.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Brain regions supporting retrieval of words drawn at encoding: fMRI evidence for multimodal reactivation.Memory & cognition · 2025Article
- Online self-evaluation of fMRI-based neurofeedback performance.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2024Article
- From lab to life: challenges and perspectives of fNIRS for haemodynamic-based neurofeedback in real-world environments.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2024Review
- EEG decoding with spatiotemporal convolutional neural network for visualization and closed-loop control of sensorimotor activities: A simultaneous EEG-fMRI study.Human brain mapping · 2024Article
- Multimodal functional imaging and clinical correlates of pain regions in chronic low-back pain patients treated with spinal cord stimulation: a pilot study.Frontiers in neuroimaging · 2024Article
- Neuropsychological Evidence Underlying Counterclockwise Bias in Running: Electroencephalography and Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Studies of Motor Imagery.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Article
- Toward an Adapted Neurofeedback for Post-stroke Motor Rehabilitation: State of the Art and Perspectives.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2022Review
- Multimodal Neural Response and Effect Assessment During a BCI-Based Neurofeedback Training After Stroke.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2022Article
- The Supplementary Motor Complex in Parkinson's Disease.Journal of movement disorders · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
There is increasing interest in exploring the use of functional MRI neurofeedback (fMRI-NF) as a therapeutic technique for a range of neurological conditions such as stroke and Parkinson's disease (PD). One main therapeutic potential of fMRI-NF is to enhance volitional control of damaged or dysfunctional neural nodes and networks via a closed-loop feedback model using mental imagery as the catalyst of self-regulation. The choice of target node/network and direction of regulation (increase or decrease activity) are central design considerations in fMRI-NF studies. Whilst it remains unclear whether the primary motor cortex (M1) can be activated during motor imagery, the supplementary motor area (SMA) has been robustly activated during motor imagery. Such differences in the regulation potential between primary and supplementary motor cortex are important because these areas can be differentially affected by a stroke or PD, and the choice of fMRI-NF target and grade of self-regulation of activity likely have substantial influence on the clinical effects and cost effectiveness of NF-based interventions. In this study we therefore investigated firstly whether healthy subjects would be able to achieve self-regulation of the hand-representation areas of M1 and the SMA using fMRI-NF training. There was a significant decrease in M1 neural activity during fMRI-NF, whereas SMA neural activity was increased, albeit not with the predicated graded effect. This study has important implications for fMRI-NF protocols that employ motor imagery to modulate activity in specific target regions of the brain and to determine how they may be tailored for neurorehabilitation.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.