ArticlePain medicine (Malden, Mass.)2019
Correlates of Benzodiazepine Use and Adverse Outcomes Among Patients with Chronic Pain Prescribed Long-term Opioid Therapy.
Article in Pain medicine (Malden, Mass.), 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- A pilot, randomized, placebo-controlled study of mindfulness meditation in treating insomnia in multiple sclerosis.BMC neurology · 2023Trial
- Benzodiazepines in Epilepsy: A US Perspective on Clinical Use, Pharmacology, Abuse Methods, and Public Health Considerations.Neurology and therapy · 2026Review
- Substance use and use disorders among Veterans on long-term opioid therapy.Drug and alcohol dependence reports · 2025Article
- Association Between Different Patterns of Opioid and Benzodiazepine Use and Risks of Emergency Department Visits and Hospitalizations: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Review
- Associations of medical outcomes with substances involved in suicide attempt cases age 50 and older reported to U.S. Poison Centers, 2016-2023.Frontiers in public health · 2025Observational
- Biological Mechanisms and Clinical Challenges of Platelet-Rich Plasma in Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain: From Standardized Preparation to Multi-Omics-Guided Precision Therapy.Journal of pain research · 2025Review
- The Effect of Veteran Status and Chronic Pain on Past 30-Day Sedative Use Among Community-Dwelling Adult Males.Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine : JABFM · 2024Article
- Drug Safety and Suicidality Risk of Chronic Pain Medications.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Association Between Concurrent Use of Benzodiazepines and Opioids and Health Care Utilization Among Patients With Cancer in Puerto Rico.JCO global oncology · 2023Article
- Predicting benzodiazepine prescriptions: A proof-of-concept machine learning approach.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2023Article
- Latent trajectories of anxiety and depressive symptoms among adults in early treatment for nonmedical opioid use.Journal of affective disorders · 2022Article
- Risk of Fractures in Older Adults with Chronic Non-cancer Pain Receiving Concurrent Benzodiazepines and Opioids: A Nested Case-Control Study.Drugs & aging · 2021Article
- Prospective Investigation of Factors Associated with Prescription Opioid Dose Escalation among Patients in Integrated Health Systems.Journal of general internal medicine · 2020Article
- Concurrent Use of Opioids with Other Central Nervous System-Active Medications Among Older Adults.Population health management · 2020Article
- Co-occurring opioid and sedative use disorder: Gender differences in use patterns and psychiatric co-morbidities in the United States.Journal of substance abuse treatment · 2020Article
- Limited Utility for Benzodiazepines in Chronic Pain Management: A Narrative Review.Advances in therapy · 2020Review
- Changes in Concurrent Opioid and Benzodiazepine Use Following a Low-Touch Prescriber Fax Intervention.Journal of managed care & specialty pharmacy · 2020Article
- An examination of correlates of simultaneous opioid and benzodiazepine use among patients in medication treatment for opioid use disorder in a small midwestern community.Journal of addictive diseasesArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo examine the correlates and odds of receiving overlapping benzodiazepine and opioid prescriptions and whether co-prescription was associated with greater odds of falling or visiting the emergency department.
designCross-sectional study.
settingA large private integrated health system and a Veterans Health Administration integrated health system. SUBJECTS: Five hundred seventeen adults with musculoskeletal pain and current prescriptions for long-term opioid therapy.
methodsA multivariate logistic regression model examined correlates of having overlapping benzodiazepine and opioid prescriptions in the year before enrollment in the cross-sectional study. Negative binomial models analyzed the number of falls in the past three months and past-year emergency department visits. In addition to propensity score adjustment, models controlled for demographic characteristics, psychiatric diagnoses, medications, overall comorbidity score, and opioid morphine equivalent dose.
resultsTwenty-five percent (N = 127) of participants had co-occurring benzodiazepine and opioid prescriptions in the prior year. Odds of receiving a benzodiazepine prescription were significantly higher among patients with the following psychiatric diagnoses: anxiety disorder (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 4.71, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.67-8.32, P < 0.001), post-traumatic stress disorder (AOR = 2.24, 95% CI = 1.14-4.38, P = 0.019), and bipolar disorder (AOR = 3.82, 95% CI = 1.49-9.81, P = 0.005). Past-year overlapping benzodiazepine and opioid prescriptions were associated with adverse outcomes, including a greater number of falls (risk ratio [RR] = 3.27, 95% CI = 1.77-6.02, P = 0.001) and emergency department visits (RR = 1.66, 95% CI = 1.08-2.53, P = 0.0194).
conclusionsAmong patients with chronic pain prescribed long-term opioid therapy, one-quarter of patients had co-occurring prescriptions for benzodiazepines, and dual use was associated with increased odds of falls and emergency department visits.
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Registered trials
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