ArticleRheumatology and therapy2018
Local Effects Following Single and Repeat Intra-Articular Injections of Triamcinolone Acetonide Extended-Release: Results from Three Nonclinical Toxicity Studies in Dogs.
Article in Rheumatology and therapy, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Drug Delivery Systems for the Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review of In Vivo Studies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Pooled it
- Pharmacokinetic and biodistribution (PK/BD) study of ProGel-Dex, a thermoresponsive dexamethasone prodrug for sustained joint pain relief in a mouse model of osteoarthritis.Nanomedicine : nanotechnology, biology, and medicine · 2026Article
- Recent advances in polymeric microparticle-based drug delivery systems for knee osteoarthritis treatment.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2023Review
- Microcarriers in application for cartilage tissue engineering: Recent progress and challenges.Bioactive materials · 2022Review
- Extended-release triamcinolone provides prolonged relief for patients who failed standard corticosteroid injection for knee osteoarthritis; a pragmatic retrospective study.Interventional pain medicine · 2022Article
- Intra-Articular Slow-Release Triamcinolone Acetonide from Polyesteramide Microspheres as a Treatment for Osteoarthritis.Pharmaceutics · 2021Article
- Local controlled release of corticosteroids extends surgically induced joint instability by inhibiting tissue healing.British journal of pharmacology · 2019Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionSingle intra-articular (IA) injections of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microsphere-based triamcinolone acetonide extended-release (TA-ER; formerly FX006) demonstrated sustained, clinically relevant benefits in patients with knee osteoarthritis. The local effects of TA-ER were assessed in normal canine knees in three nonclinical studies.
methodsKnees were evaluated for up to 6 weeks or 9 months after a single injection of TA-ER (2.1/6.25/18.75 mg TA), or TA crystalline suspension (TAcs, 18.75 mg TA), and for up to 6 months after three injections (every 1 or 3 months) of TA-ER (6.25/18.75 mg TA) or TAcs (18.75 mg). Vehicle-diluent, blank microspheres, and untreated knees were used as controls. Plasma and synovial fluid (SF) TA concentrations and standard histopathological assessment of the synovium were conducted. Articular cartilage morphology was assessed via modified Mankin scoring.
resultsPlasma and SF concentrations indicated prolonged dose-dependent TA joint residency with TA-ER compared with TAcs. Effects in articular cartilage were dose- and time-dependent and consistent with known effects of corticosteroids in the normal knee. Loss of Safranin O staining occurred, indicative of a reduction in cartilage matrix proteoglycan, and recovered in a similar manner for TA-ER and TAcs across all studies. Structural lesions were infrequent and generally comparable in severity between TA-ER and TAcs but slightly higher in incidence for TA-ER. Focal/multifocal foreign-body responses (FBR) to PLGA were observed in the superficial layer of the synovium, peaking after 4-6 weeks, with significant recovery or complete resolution by month 6.
conclusionsThese findings suggest that the effects of IA injections of TA-ER on cartilage are predominantly transient, and comparable to those observed with TAcs in the normal canine knee joint. These mild effects in the normal joint differ from the beneficial effects observed with TA-ER and other corticosteroids in disease models. The synovial FBR to PLGA microspheres was focal and transient.
fundingFlexion Therapeutics, Inc. Plain language summary available for this article.
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