ReviewThe journal of headache and pain2018
The association between migraine and physical exercise.
Review in The journal of headache and pain, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 102 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Effects of Myofascial Trigger Points Therapy in Migraine.
Evaluation of Kinesiophobia in Patients With Headache Using the Tampa Kinesiophobia Scale Modified for Headache: Turkish Version, Validity and Reliability Study
Who cites it
102 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 221 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Prescription of therapeutic exercise in migraine, an evidence-based clinical practice guideline.The journal of headache and pain · 2023Guideline
- What is the efficacy of aerobic exercise versus strength training in the treatment of migraine? A systematic review and network meta-analysis of clinical trials.The journal of headache and pain · 2022Pooled it
- Deciphering the Role of the rs2651899, rs10166942, and rs11172113 Polymorphisms in Migraine: A Meta-Analysis.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2022Pooled it
- Pooled it
- The effect of aerobic exercise on the number of migraine days, duration and pain intensity in migraine: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis.The journal of headache and pain · 2019Pooled it
- Higher Circulating IL-6 levels as a predictor for poor outcome after migraine preventive treatment: a prospective study.The journal of headache and pain · 2025Trial
- Effects of neck-exercise and health promotion on headache outcomes in office workers: secondary analysis of the NEXpro stepped wedge cluster randomised controlled trial.The journal of headache and pain · 2025Trial
- Multistrategic Approaches in the Treatment of Acute Migraine During Pregnancy: The Effectiveness of Physiotherapy, Exercise, and Relaxation Techniques.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2024Trial
- Efficacy of a dual task protocol on neurophysiological and clinical outcomes in migraine: a randomized control trial.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2024Trial
- Time of Day and Chronotype-Dependent Synchrony Effects Exercise-Induced Reduction in Migraine Load: A Pilot Cross-Over Randomized Trial.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Trial
- A Preliminary Analysis on the Feasibility and Short-Term Efficacy of a Phase-III RCT on Mindfulness Added to Treatment as Usual for Patients with Chronic Migraine and Medication Overuse Headache.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Trial
- The effects of two different intensities of aerobic training protocols on pain and serum neuro-biomarkers in women migraineurs: a randomized controlled trail.European journal of applied physiology · 2021Trial
- Progress in pain mechanisms and management.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Migraine and Obesity: From Shared Mechanisms to Therapeutic Strategies.Neurology and therapy · 2026Review
- Common Mechanisms in Migraine, Migraine-Related Neck Pain, and Low Back Pain: Implications for Treatment.Pain and therapy · 2026Review
- Characteristics and Treatment Patterns in People with Burden of Migraine: A Subgroup Analysis of the OVERCOME Japan 2nd Study.Pain and therapy · 2026Article
- Texture analysis on muscle T2 maps can reveal changes in upper trapezius muscles related to primary headache disorders.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Non-Pharmacological Treatments of Migraine: Current Evidence and Clinical Practice.Current pain and headache reports · 2026Review
- The Association of Headache and Physical Activity in Times of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Prospective Cohort Study.Brain and behavior · 2026Article
42 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 7 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThere is an unmet need of pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment options for migraine patients. Exercise can be used in the treatment of several pain conditions, including. However, what exact role exercise plays in migraine prevention is unclear. Here, we review the associations between physical exercise and migraine from an epidemiological, therapeutical and pathophysiological perspective.
methodsThe review was based on a primary literature search on the PubMed using the search terms "migraine and exercise".
resultsLow levels of physical exercise and high frequency of migraine has been reported in several large population-based studies. In experimental studies exercise has been reported as a trigger factor for migraine as well as migraine prophylaxis. Possible mechanisms for how exercise may trigger migraine attacks, include acute release of neuropeptides such as calcitonin gene-related peptide or alternation of hypocretin or lactate metabolism. Mechanisms for migraine prevention by exercise may include increased beta-endorphin, endocannabinoid and brain-derived neurotrophic factor levers in plasma after exercise.
conclusionIn conclusion, it seems that although exercise can trigger migraine attacks, regular exercise may have prophylactic effect on migraine frequency. This is most likely due to an altered migraine triggering threshold in persons who exercise regularly. However, the frequency and intensity of exercise that is required is still an open question, which should be addressed in future studies to delineate an evidence-based exercise program to prevent migraine in sufferers.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.