Trial reportRheumatology (Oxford, England)2018
Triamcinolone acetonide extended-release in patients with osteoarthritis and type 2 diabetes: a randomized, phase 2 study.
Trial report in Rheumatology (Oxford, England), 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 3 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 24 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Double-Blind, Randomized, Parallel Group Comparison of the Effects of FX006 and TCA IR (Triamcinolone Acetonide Suspension) on Blood Glucose in Patients With Osteoarthritis of the Knee and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
RCT to Evaluate the Effects of Zilretta (Triamcinolone Acetonide- Extended Release) and Kenalog (Triamcinolone Acetonide- Immediate Release) on Blood Glucose in Subjects With Osteoarthritis of the Knee and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Adjunctive Use of Corticosteroid in Periarticular Injections in Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- EULAR recommendations for intra-articular therapies.Annals of the rheumatic diseases · 2021Guideline
- Drug Delivery Systems for the Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review of In Vivo Studies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Pooled it
- Effect of Intramuscular vs Intra-articular Glucocorticoid Injection on Pain Among Adults With Knee Osteoarthritis: The KIS Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2022Trial
- Trial
- Osteoarthritis: Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment.MedComm · 2026Review
- Expert consensus on glucocorticoids injection for knee osteoarthritis.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2026Article
- Optimizing Osteoarthritis Management - Therapeutic Efficacy and Evaluation of Intra-Articular Triamcinolone Acetonide Injection.Journal of pain research · 2026Review
- Cooperative Interaction of Hyaluronic Acid with Epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate and Xanthohumol in Targeting the NF-κB Signaling Pathway in a Cellular Model of Rheumatoid Arthritis.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Corticosteroid Use in Musculoskeletal and Neuraxial Interventions: Effects on Glycemic Control.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Review
- Identification of MicroRNA Drug Targets for Alzheimer's and Diabetes Mellitus Using Network Medicine.Current Alzheimer research · 2025Article
- Drug Delivery Systems Targeting the Knee Microenvironment: A Prospective Strategy for Knee Osteoarthritis Treatment.Drug design, development and therapy · 2025Review
- Osteoarthritis: Insights into Diagnosis, Pathophysiology, Therapeutic Avenues, and the Potential of Natural Extracts.Current issues in molecular biology · 2024Review
- Continuous glucose monitoring metrics following sub-Tenon's injection of triamcinolone acetonide for diabetic macular edema.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2024Article
- Knee osteoarthritis: disease burden, available treatments, and emerging options.Therapeutic advances in musculoskeletal disease · 2024Review
- Recent advances in polymeric microparticle-based drug delivery systems for knee osteoarthritis treatment.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2023Review
- The effect of intra-articular extended-release triamcinolone acetonide on OARSI-recommended physical performance measures in adults with bilateral symptomatic knee osteoarthritis.Osteoarthritis and cartilage open · 2022Article
- The effect of steroid injection into the shoulder on glycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes.JSES international · 2022Article
- Recent Advances in Clinical Translation of Intra-Articular Osteoarthritis Drug Delivery Systems.Advanced therapeutics · 2021Article
- Emerging pharmaceutical therapies for osteoarthritis.Nature reviews. Rheumatology · 2020Review
- Development and Prospect of Intra-Articular Injection in the Treatment of Osteoarthritis: A Review.Journal of pain research · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 8 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Objective: Approximately 30% of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus have knee osteoarthritis. IA corticosteroids used to manage osteoarthritis pain can elevate blood glucose in these patients. We compared blood glucose levels following intra-articular injection of triamcinolone acetonide extended-release (TA-ER), an extended-release, microsphere-based triamcinolone acetonide formulation, vs standard triamcinolone acetonide crystalline suspension (TAcs) in patients with knee osteoarthritis and comorbid type 2 diabetes. Methods: In this double-blind, randomized, parallel-group, phase 2 study (NCT02762370), 33 patients with knee osteoarthritis (American College of Rheumatology criteria) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (HbA1c 6.5-9.0% [48-75 mmol/mol]; 1-2 oral hypoglycaemic agents) were treated with intra-articular TA-ER (32 mg n = 18) or TAcs 40 mg (n = 15). Continuous glucose monitoring-measured glucose (CGMG) was assessed from 1 week pre-injection through 2 weeks postinjection. Endpoints included change in average daily CGMG from baseline (days -3 to -1) to days 1-3 postinjection (CGMGdays1-3) (primary) and percent time average hourly CGMG levels remained in prespecified glycaemic ranges. Results: The change CGMGdays1-3 was significantly lower following TA-ER vs TAcs (14.7 vs 33.9 mg/dl, least-squares-mean-difference [95% CI]: -19.2 [-38.0, -0.4]; P = 0.0452). The percentage of time over days 1-3 that CGMG was in the target glycaemic range (70-180 mg/dl) was numerically greater for TA-ER (63.3%) vs TAcs (49.7%), and that CGMG was >180 mg/dl was lower for TA-ER (34.5%) vs TAcs (49.9%). Non-glycaemic adverse events were mild and comparable between groups. Conclusion: TA-ER may enable intra-articular corticosteroid treatment with minimal blood glucose disruption in patients with knee osteoarthritis and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, https://clinicaltrials.gov, NCT02762370.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.