ReviewBrain sciences2018
Ten Key Insights into the Use of Spinal Cord fMRI.
Review in Brain sciences, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 45 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
45 citing papers in PubMed.
- Test-Retest Reliability of Sensorimotor Activity Measured With Spinal Cord fMRI.Human brain mapping · 2026Article
- Clinical Research for the Use of 7 T Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Spinal Pathologies: a Scoping Review.Clinical neuroradiology · 2026Review
- Mapping Human Proprioceptive Projections of Upper Limb Muscles Through Spinal Cord fMRI.Human brain mapping · 2025Article
- Human spinal cord activation during filling and emptying of the bladder.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Length relationships between vertebral column and spinal cord: differential contributions of the cervical, thoracic and lumbosacral regions.Surgical and radiologic anatomy : SRA · 2025Article
- Spinal Cord Lower Urinary Tract Control in Humans.Neurourology and urodynamics · 2025Article
- Article
- EPISeg: Automated segmentation of the spinal cord on echo planar images using open-access multi-center data.Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2025Article
- Influence of scanning plane on Human Spinal Cord functional Magnetic Resonance echo planar imaging.PloS one · 2025Article
- Changes in functional connectivity in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis spinal cord measured via region-based and data-driven analyses.Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2025Article
- Review
- Investigating Descending Pain Regulation in Fibromyalgia and the Link to Altered Autonomic Regulation by Means of Functional MRI Data.Brain sciences · 2024Article
- Spinal fMRI demonstrates segmental organisation of functionally connected networks in the cervical spinal cord: A test-retest reliability study.Human brain mapping · 2024Article
- Spinal maps of motoneuron activity during human locomotion: neuromechanical considerations.Frontiers in physiology · 2024Review
- DeepRetroMoCo: deep neural network-based retrospective motion correction algorithm for spinal cord functional MRI.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Article
- Towards non-invasive imaging through spinal-cord generated magnetic fields.Frontiers in medical technology · 2024Article
- Reliability of task-based fMRI in the dorsal horn of the human spinal cord.Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2024Article
- Functional magnetic resonance imaging of the lumbosacral cord during a lower extremity motor task.Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2024Article
- Automatic segmentation of the spinal cord nerve rootlets.Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2024Article
- Spatial distribution of hand-grasp motor task activity in spinal cord functional magnetic resonance imaging.Human brain mapping · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
A comprehensive review of the literature-to-date on functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) of the spinal cord is presented. Spinal fMRI has been shown, over more than two decades of work, to be a reliable tool for detecting neural activity. We discuss 10 key points regarding the history, development, methods, and applications of spinal fMRI. Animal models have served a key purpose for the development of spinal fMRI protocols and for experimental spinal cord injury studies. Applications of spinal fMRI span from animal models across healthy and patient populations in humans using both task-based and resting-state paradigms. The literature also demonstrates clear trends in study design and acquisition methods, as the majority of studies follow a task-based, block design paradigm, and utilize variations of single-shot fast spin-echo imaging methods. We, therefore, discuss the similarities and differences of these to resting-state fMRI and gradient-echo EPI protocols. Although it is newly emerging, complex connectivity and network analysis is not only possible, but has also been shown to be reliable and reproducible in the spinal cord for both task-based and resting-state studies. Despite the technical challenges associated with spinal fMRI, this review identifies reliable solutions that have been developed to overcome these challenges.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.