ArticlePediatrics2018
Language Experience in the Second Year of Life and Language Outcomes in Late Childhood.
Article in Pediatrics, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04031326 (Feasibility and Effectiveness of LENA Home in the Every Child Succeeds Home Visiting Program), which is not on this map. Cited by 103 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Feasibility and Effectiveness of LENA Home in the Every Child Succeeds Home Visiting Program
Who cites it
103 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Early neurodevelopment of HIV-exposed uninfected children in the era of antiretroviral therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.The Lancet. Child & adolescent health · 2022Pooled it
- Associations Between Screen Use and Child Language Skills: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.JAMA pediatrics · 2020Pooled it
- The Kia Tīmata Pai Randomized Controlled Trial: ENRICH Early Childhood Teacher Training Improves Toddlers' Oral Language and Self-Regulation.Developmental science · 2026Trial
- Language, Speech Production, Functional Performance, and Social Skills of 3-Year-Old Children With Congenital Unilateral Hearing Loss: A Randomized Controlled Trial of Hearing Intervention.Journal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHR · 2026Trial
- The Language ENvironment Analysis (LENA) System in Toddlers With Early Indicators of Autism: Test-Retest Reliability and Convergent Validity With Clinical Language Assessments.Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research · 2025Trial
- Neuroplasticity associated with changes in conversational turn-taking following a family-based intervention.Developmental cognitive neuroscience · 2021Trial
- Assessment of a Parent-Child Interaction Intervention for Language Development in Children.JAMA network open · 2019Trial
- Theoretical and Methodological Insights From Five Transcribed and Annotated Daylong Audio Recordings of Young Children's Language Environments.Perspectives on psychological science : a journal of the Association for Psychological Science · 2026Article
- Language environments of infants in the NICU improve after a brief parent education intervention.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2026Article
- Comparison of early growth and development in very preterm children in the Netherlands between the 1980s and 2000s.BMC pediatrics · 2026Article
- Socioeconomic Status, the Home Language Environment, Noise Exposure, and the Mismatch Response in Infancy.Developmental psychobiology · 2026Article
- CPCSLD: A lexical database of Chinese preschool children's spoken words.Behavior research methods · 2026Article
- Article
- Language Development in Preschool Children Living with Chronic Health Conditions: A Cohort Study.Journal of pediatrics. Clinical practice · 2025Article
- Screen Exposure and Early Childhood Development in Resource-Limited Regions: Findings From a Population-Based Survey Study.Journal of medical Internet research · 2025Article
- Conversation Initiation in Families With a Toddler Who Is Deaf or Hard of Hearing.American journal of speech-language pathology · 2025Article
- The robustness of speech-like vocalization in typically developing infants and infants with autism.Research in developmental disabilities · 2025Article
- Annual Research Review: How did COVID-19 affect young children's language environment and language development? A scoping review.Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines · 2025Article
- Essential elements for learning to eat: guidance to support families with infants and young children.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2025Review
- Canonical babbling trajectories across the first year of life in autism and typical development.Autism : the international journal of research and practice · 2024Article
43 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesQuantity of talk and interaction in the home during early childhood is correlated with socioeconomic status (SES) and can be used to predict early language and cognitive outcomes. We tested the effectiveness of automated early language environment estimates for children 2 to 36 months old to predict cognitive and language skills 10 years later and examined effects for specific developmental age periods.
methodsDaylong audio recordings for 146 infants and toddlers were completed monthly for 6 months, and the total number of daily adult words and adult-child conversational turnswere automatically estimated with Language Environment Analysis software. Follow-up evaluations at 9 to 14 years of age included language and cognitive testing. Language exposure for 3 age groups was assessed: 2 to 17 months, 18 to 24 months, and ≥25 months. Pearson correlations and multiple linear regression analyses were conducted.
resultsConversational turn counts at 18 to 24 months of age accounted for 14% to 27% of the variance in IQ, verbal comprehension, and receptive and/or expressive vocabulary scores 10 years later after controlling for SES. Adult word counts between 18 and 24 months were correlated with language outcomes but were considerably weakened after controlling for SES.
conclusionsThese data support the hypothesis that early talk and interaction, particularly during the relatively narrow developmental window of 18 to 24 months of age, can be used to predict school-age language and cognitive outcomes. With these findings, we underscore the need for effective early intervention programs that support parents in creating an optimal early language learning environment in the home.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.