Observational studyRespiratory research2018
Identifying the associated risks of pneumonia in COPD patients: ARCTIC an observational study.
Observational study in Respiratory research, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 44 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systematic review on long-term adverse effects of inhaled corticosteroids in the treatment of COPD.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2021Pooled it
- Real-World Safety of Fluticasone Furoate/Umeclidinium/Vilanterol in Patients with Asthma or Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), and Clinical Outcomes in COPD: Post-marketing Surveillance in Korea.Tuberculosis and respiratory diseases · 2026Article
- Ginsenoside Rd promotes the expression of acetylated α-tubulin and FOXJ1 in human bronchial epithelial cells.Journal of natural medicines · 2026Article
- Pharmacological regulation of airway ciliary motility: endogenous mediators, pharmaceutical agents, and natural compounds with a focus on ginsenoside Rd.Journal of natural medicines · 2026Review
- Comparison of the Risk of Pneumonia Between Fluticasone Furoate/Umeclidinium/Vilanterol and Multiple-Inhaler Triple Therapy in Patients with COPD Using Health Insurance Claims Data: Final Analysis of Post-Marketing Database Surveillance in Japan.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- The Indirect Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Mortality, Complications, and Healthcare Utilization Among Patients With Chronic Respiratory Diseases in Hong Kong: An Interrupted Time Series Analysis.Journal of evidence-based medicine · 2025Article
- Outcomes and Hospital Service Use Among Patients With COPD in a Nurse- and Allied Health-Led Clinic.JAMA health forum · 2024Article
- Risk of Pneumonia in Patients with COPD Initiating Fixed Dose Inhaled Corticosteroid (ICS) / Long-Acting Bronchodilator (LABD) Formulations Containing Extrafine Beclometasone Dipropionate versus Patients Initiating LABD Without ICS.Pragmatic and observational research · 2024Article
- Inhaled corticosteroid treatment and pneumonia in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease - nationwide development from 1998 to 2018.European clinical respiratory journal · 2024Article
- Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion with plate versus posterior screw fixation after traumatic subaxial fractures in octogenarians: complications and outcomes with a 2-year follow-up.Acta neurochirurgica · 2023Article
- Associated Factors of Pneumonia in Individuals with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Apart from the Use of Inhaled Corticosteroids.Biomedicines · 2023Review
- The Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes in Non-Frequent Exacerbation Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in the Chinese Population.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2023Article
- Factors Associated with the Non-Exacerbator Phenotype of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2023Article
- Risk of hospitalization in a sample of COVID-19 patients with and without chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.Respiratory medicine · 2023Article
- Treatment Patterns, Socioeconomic Status and Clinical Burden in Mild COPD: A Swedish Real-World, Retrospective Cohort Study, the ARCTIC Study.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2022Article
- Comparison of CRP, Procalcitonin, Neutrophil Counts, Eosinophil Counts, sTREM-1, and OPN between Pneumonic and Nonpneumonic Exacerbations in COPD Patients.Canadian respiratory journal · 2022Observational
- COPD - do the right thing.BMC family practice · 2021Review
- Real-World Evidence: Bridging Gaps in Evidence to Guide Payer Decisions.PharmacoEconomics - open · 2021Article
- Inhaled Corticosteroids and the Pneumonia Risk in Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2021Review
- Inhaled corticosteroids and the risk of type 2 diabetes among Swedish COPD patients.NPJ primary care respiratory medicine · 2020Observational
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundInhaled corticosteroids (ICS) are associated with an increased risk of pneumonia in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Other factors such as severity of airflow limitation and concurrent asthma may further raise the possibility of developing pneumonia. This study assessed the risk of pneumonia associated with ICS in patients with COPD.
methodsElectronic Medical Record data linked to National Health Registries were collected from COPD patients and matched reference controls in 52 Swedish primary care centers (2000-2014). Levels of ICS treatment (high, low, no ICS) and associated comorbidities were assessed. Patients were categorized by airflow limitation severity.
resultsA total of 6623 patients with COPD and 48,566 controls were analyzed. Patients with COPD had a more than 4-fold increase in pneumonia versus reference controls (hazard ratio [HR] 4.76, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.48-5.06). ICS use increased the risk of pneumonia by 20-30% in patients with COPD with forced expiratory volume in 1 s ≥ 50% versus patients not using ICS. Asthma was an independent risk factor for pneumonia in the COPD population. Multivariate analysis identified independent predictors of pneumonia in the overall population. The highest risk of pneumonia was associated with high dose ICS (HR 1.41, 95% CI: 1.23-1.62).
conclusionsPatients with COPD have a greater risk of pneumonia versus reference controls; ICS use and concurrent asthma increased the risk of pneumonia further.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.