Evidence map›Paper›PMID 30200959›Full record

ArticleBMC endocrine disorders2018

Glycaemic control for people with type 2 diabetes in Saudi Arabia - an urgent need for a review of management plan.

Mohammed J Alramadan, Dianna J Magliano, Turky H Almigbal, Mohammed Ali Batais, Afsana Afroz, Hesham J Alramadhan, Waad Faozi Mahfoud, Adel Mehmas Alragas, Baki Billah

Registry-linked trialAbstract readMulticenter Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMC endocrine disorders, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05918653 (Demographic, Clinical, and Biomedical Profile of Diabetic Patients Receiving Home Healthcare in Saudi Arabia), which is not on this map. Cited by 47 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
47citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT05918653 completednot on this mapstarted 2022, after this paper: background citation

Demographic, Clinical, and Biomedical Profile of Diabetic Patients Receiving Home Healthcare in Saudi Arabia

Typeobservational_patient_registrySponsorSaudi Scientific Home Health Care SocietyRan2022 to 2023Enrolled252ConditionsDiabetes MellitusArmsHome Healthcare
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

47 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Predictor factors of uncontrolled diabetes.BMC endocrine disorders · 2025
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  12. Diabetes Technology in Saudi Arabia: Current Status and Future Directions.Journal of diabetes science and technology · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Mohammed J AlramadanDepartment of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
Dianna J MaglianoDepartment of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
Turky H AlmigbalCollege of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Mohammed Ali BataisCollege of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Afsana AfrozDepartment of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
Hesham J AlramadhanCollege of Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia.
Waad Faozi MahfoudIbn Sina National College, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Adel Mehmas AlragasMedical City - King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Baki BillahDepartment of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia. baki.billah@monash.edu.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe aim of this study was to assess inadequate glycaemic control and its associated factors among people with type 2 diabetes in Saudi Arabia.

methodsA cross-sectional study design was used. Adults with type 2 diabetes attending diabetes centres in Riyadh, Hofuf and Jeddah cities were interviewed and their anthropometrics were measured. Their medical records were also reviewed to collect information related to recent lab tests, medications, and documented comorbidities. Multivariable logistic regression were used for data analysis.

resultsA total of 1111 participants were recruited in the study. Mean age was 57.6 (±11.1) years, 65.2% of the participants were females, and mean HbA1c was 8.5 ± 1.9%. About three-fourths of participants had inadequate glycaemic control (≥ 7%). Multivariable analysis showed that age ≤ 60 years, longer duration of diabetes, living in a remote location, low household income, low intake of fruits and vegetable, low level of physical activity, lack of knowledge about haemoglobin A1c, high waist-hip ratio, low adherence to medication, and using injectable medications were independent risk factors for inadequate glycaemic control.

conclusionsInadequate glycaemic control is prevalent among people with type 2 diabetes in Saudi Arabia. In order to improve glycaemic control diabetes management plan should aim at controlling the modifiable risk factors which include low intake of fruits and vegetable, low level of physical activity, lack of knowledge about haemoglobin A1c, high waist-hip ratio, and low adherence to medications.

Indexed as

Disease ManagementAgedBlood GlucoseCross-Sectional StudiesDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2FemaleGlycemic IndexHumansMaleMiddle AgedSaudi ArabiaBlood GlucoseDiabetesGlycaemic controlSaudi Arabia

Identifiers

PMID30200959
PMCPMC6131885

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.