ArticlePloS one2018
Why is the inpatient cost of dying increasing in India?
Article in PloS one, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Understanding out-of-pocket expenditure in India: a systematic review.Frontiers in public health · 2025Pooled it
- Cancer care and economic burden-A narrative review.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2023Review
- Financial Development and Environmental Degradation: Promoting Low-Carbon Competitiveness in E7 Economies' Industries.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Components of Out-of-Pocket Expenditure and Their Relative Contribution to Economic Burden of Diseases in India.JAMA network open · 2022Article
- Out-of-pocket costs near end of life in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review.PLOS global public health · 2022Article
- INDICAPS II: A Bird's Eye View of the Indian Intensive Care Landscape.Indian journal of critical care medicine : peer-reviewed, official publication of Indian Society of Critical Care Medicine · 2021Article
- Drivers of hospital expenditure and length of stay in an academic medical centre: a retrospective cross-sectional study.BMC health services research · 2019Article
- History of the Growing Burden of Cancer in India: From Antiquity to the 21st Century.Journal of global oncology · 2019Review
- Out-of-pocket expenditures and catastrophic expenditures on inpatient care among households of an urban village in Delhi.The journal of medicine accessArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionThere is an evidence of increasing inpatient expenditure for decedents. Estimates used to assess the economic burden of out-of-pocket (OOP) healthcare expenditure provide an underestimation for inpatient decedent cases. The aims of this paper are to study the trend and pattern of inpatient decedent expenditure and decipher the reasons behind the increasing cost in India.
methodsUsing three rounds of national level National Sample Survey (NSS) data on morbidity & healthcare conducted during 1995-2015 in India, total and component-wise cost of dying was estimated by the socio-demographic characteristics and types of diseases. Generalised linear model was employed to find the changing effect of inpatient decedents on inpatient expenditure on three-time points.
resultsMore than half among inpatient decedents were elderly. Mean inpatient expenditure for neoplasm, circulatory system-related diseases and external causes of mortality and morbidity increased substantially during these two decades. Mean decedent inpatient expenditure become double, diagnostic and bed charges increased by 243%, 323% respectively during 2004-05 to 2014-15. During 2014-15 average decedents aged 15-59 years spent ₹53599 in last twelve month of their life. Controlling all other potential factors, the inpatient expenditure among decedents increased substantially between 1995-96 and 2014-15. DISCUSSION: Out-of-pocket inpatient health expenditure widened between survivor and decedents in between 1995-2014. Increase in the proportion of elderly, proportion of non-communicable and lifestyle-related diseases, expenses on drugs, diagnostics, bed charges largely private sector expenses were the leading reasons for increasing inpatient decedent expenditure. Age-based risk adjustment and modification of end-of-life care are strongly required, future social insurance based on the health-based value of out-of-pocket expenditure rather than their pure consumption value need to be designed to tackle the burden.
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