Evidence map›Paper›PMID 30196330›Full record

ArticleAnimal cognition2019

A gestural repertoire of 1- to 2-year-old human children: in search of the ape gestures.

Verena Kersken, Juan-Carlos Gómez, Ulf Liszkowski, Adrian Soldati, Catherine Hobaiter

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Animal cognition, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
19citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

19 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. The origin of great ape gestural forms.Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society · 2025
    Review
  4. Talking About the Absent and the Abstract: Referential Communication in Language and Gesture.Perspectives on psychological science : a journal of the Association for Psychological Science · 2024
    Review
  5. Article
  6. Primate origins of discourse-managing gestures: the case ofLinguistics vanguard : multimodal online journal · 2023
    Article
  7. Overcoming bias in the comparison of human language and animal communication.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023
    Article
  8. Article
  9. Animal linguistics: a primer.Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society · 2023
    Article
  10. Article
  11. Are ape gestures like words? Outstanding issues in detecting similarities and differences between human language and ape gesture.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2022
    Review
  12. Gesture is the primary modality for language creation.Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2022
    Article
  13. Review
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Becoming human: human infants link language and cognition, but what about the other great apes?Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2020
    Review
  17. Article
  18. Forms and Functions of Gestures in Preverbal 12- to 15-Months Old Infants.Infancy : the official journal of the International Society on Infant Studies
    Article
  19. Do Great Apes Use Iconic Gestures?Wiley interdisciplinary reviews. Cognitive science
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Verena KerskenSchool of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9JP, Scotland, UK.
Juan-Carlos GómezSchool of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9JP, Scotland, UK.
Ulf LiszkowskiDepartment of Developmental Psychology, Hamburg University, Von-Melle-Park 5, 20146, Hamburg, Germany.
Adrian SoldatiSchool of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9JP, Scotland, UK.
Catherine HobaiterSchool of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9JP, Scotland, UK. clh42@st-andrews.ac.uk.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

When we compare human gestures to those of other apes, it looks at first like there is nothing much to compare at all. In adult humans, gestures are thought to be a window into the thought processes accompanying language, and sign languages are equal to spoken language with all of its features. Some research firmly emphasises the differences between human gestures and those of other apes; however, the question about whether there are any commonalities is rarely investigated, and has mostly been confined to pointing gestures. The gestural repertoires of nonhuman ape species have been carefully studied and described with regard to their form and function-but similar approaches are much rarer in the study of human gestures. This paper applies the methodology commonly used in the study of nonhuman ape gestures to the gestural communication of human children in their second year of life. We recorded (n = 13) children's gestures in a natural setting with peers and caregivers in Germany and Uganda. Children employed 52 distinct gestures, 46 (89%) of which are present in the chimpanzee repertoire. Like chimpanzees, they used them both singly, and in sequences, and employed individual gestures flexibly towards different goals.

Indexed as

Animal CommunicationGesturesHominidaeAnimalsChild, PreschoolFemaleHumansInfantLanguageMalePan troglodytesUgandaChildrenChimpanzeeGestureLanguageReference

Identifiers

PMID30196330
PMCPMC6647402

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.