ArticleCell2018
A Structured Tumor-Immune Microenvironment in Triple Negative Breast Cancer Revealed by Multiplexed Ion Beam Imaging.
Article in Cell, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 753 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
753 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- The translational chasm in machine learning for triple-negative breast cancer: a quantitative landscape assessment.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Pooled it
- Dissecting the Tumor Microenvironment to Identify Biomarkers of Outcome to Anti-PD-1 Therapy in Clear-Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma: Analyses of the HCRN GU16-260 Trial.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2026Trial
- The ARTEMIS trial identifies immune activation as a key predictor of neoadjuvant chemotherapy response in triple-negative breast cancer.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2026Trial
- Temporal and spatial composition of the tumor microenvironment predicts response to immune checkpoint inhibition in metastatic TNBC.Nature cancer · 2026Trial
- Research progress on the compositional characteristics of the tumor immune microenvironment and immunopredictive models in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.Cancer biology & therapy · 2026Review
- The tumor microenvironment in triple negative breast cancer and a strategy to improve responses to immunotherapy using cryoablation and immunostimulants.Cancer biology & therapy · 2026Review
- Spatiotemporal Resolution for Neurodegenerative Diseases: Linking Proteinopathy, Cellular Vulnerability, and Disease Trajectories.Neuroscience bulletin · 2026Review
- Reprogramming tumor-associated macrophages in breast cancer: from myeloid plasticity and tumor-promoting programs to CAR-macrophage therapy.Journal of hematology & oncology · 2026Review
- Revisiting Ehrlich carcinoma in the era of precision oncology: bridging classical models with modern systems biology.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2026Review
- Inhibitory receptor profiles for joint prediction of benefit and toxicity in immune checkpoint blockade.iScience · 2026Review
- Targetable S100-RAGE Signaling Mediates Intrinsic Trastuzumab Deruxtecan Resistance in Metastatic Breast Cancer.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2026Article
- T cell immunomonitoring: a comparative analysis of traditional and novel methods to quantify and characterize human antigen-specific T cells.Nature protocols · 2026Review
- Single-cell mass spectrometry imaging: platform advances for multimodal spatial omics.Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry · 2026Review
- 3D multi-omics tumour atlases: from technology to biology and clinical translation.Nature reviews. Cancer · 2026Review
- The immunology of human breast cancer.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2026Review
- Towards liquid biopsy-based analysis of antitumour immunity.Nature reviews. Clinical oncology · 2026Review
- Deoxythymidylate Kinase (DTYMK)-Driven Pyrimidine Hypermetabolism Is Associated with a Folate-Dependent Macrophage Programme in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Immune-pressure redistribution in resistance to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade: mechanisms, biomarkers, and therapeutic design.Molecular cancer · 2026Review
- Chromosomal instability in cancer: sources, consequences and new therapeutic opportunities.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Article
693 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The immune system is critical in modulating cancer progression, but knowledge of immune composition, phenotype, and interactions with tumor is limited. We used multiplexed ion beam imaging by time-of-flight (MIBI-TOF) to simultaneously quantify in situ expression of 36 proteins covering identity, function, and immune regulation at sub-cellular resolution in 41 triple-negative breast cancer patients. Multi-step processing, including deep-learning-based segmentation, revealed variability in the composition of tumor-immune populations across individuals, reconciled by overall immune infiltration and enriched co-occurrence of immune subpopulations and checkpoint expression. Spatial enrichment analysis showed immune mixed and compartmentalized tumors, coinciding with expression of PD1, PD-L1, and IDO in a cell-type- and location-specific manner. Ordered immune structures along the tumor-immune border were associated with compartmentalization and linked to survival. These data demonstrate organization in the tumor-immune microenvironment that is structured in cellular composition, spatial arrangement, and regulatory-protein expression and provide a framework to apply multiplexed imaging to immune oncology.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.