ArticlePloS one2018
Utilization of dried blood spot specimens can expedite nationwide surveillance of HIV drug resistance in resource-limited settings.
Article in PloS one, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed.
- Trial
- HIV-1 genetic diversity and pretreatment drug resistance survey prior to dolutegravir introduction in Senegal.IJID regions · 2025Article
- Dried Blood Spots and Plasma Separation Cards can Broaden Access to Molecular Testing for HBV, HCV and HIV.Reviews in medical virology · 2025Review
- 'I was like, this is gonna hurt': Implementing self-sampling of dried blood spots to measure HIV viral load.PloS one · 2025Article
- Verification of dried blood spot as a sample type for HIV viral load and early infant diagnosis on Hologic Panther in Zambia.BMC research notes · 2023Article
- A Partially Multiplexed HIV Drug Resistance (HIVDR) Assay for Monitoring HIVDR Mutations of the Protease, Reverse-Transcriptase (PRRT), and Integrase (INT).Microbiology spectrum · 2022Article
- HIV-1 drug resistance genotyping success rates and correlates of Dried-blood spots and plasma specimen genotyping failure in a resource-limited setting.BMC infectious diseases · 2022Article
- Real-Life Feasibility of HIV Drug Resistance Testing Using Dried Filter Analytes in Kenyan Children and Adolescents Living with HIV.Microbiology spectrum · 2022Article
- Simple, sensitive, specific self-sampling assay secures SARS-CoV-2 antibody signals in sero-prevalence and post-vaccine studies.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Leveraging gains from African Center for Integrated Laboratory Training to combat HIV epidemic in sub-Saharan Africa.BMC health services research · 2021Article
- The role of drug resistance in poor viral suppression in rural South Africa: findings from a population-based study.BMC infectious diseases · 2020Article
- Whatman FTA cards versus plasma specimens for the quantitation of HIV-1 RNA using two real-time PCR assays.Access microbiology · 2020Article
- High Levels of HIV-1 Drug Resistance in Children Who Acquired HIV Infection Through Mother to Child Transmission in the Era of Option B+, Haiti, 2013 to 2014.The Pediatric infectious disease journal · 2019Article
- Challenges to the performance of current HIV diagnostic assays and the need for centralized specimen archives: a review of the Consortium for the Evaluation and Performance of HIV Incidence Assays (CEPHIA) repository.Gates open research · 2019Article
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15 authors.
Funding
Abstract
introductionSurveillance of HIV drug resistance (HIVDR) is crucial to ensuring the continued success of antiretroviral therapy (ART) programs. With the concern of reduced genotyping sensitivity of HIV on dried blood spots (DBS), DBS for HIVDR surveillance have been limited to ART-naïve populations. To investigate if DBS under certain conditions may also be a feasible sample type for HIVDR testing in ART patients, we piloted nationwide surveys for HIVDR among ART patients using DBS in two African countries with rapid scale-up of ART.
methodsEDTA-venous blood was collected to prepare DBS from adult and pediatric ART patients receiving treatment during the previous 12-36 months. DBS were stored at ambient temperature for two weeks and then at -80°C until shipment at ambient temperature to the WHO-designated Specialized HIVDR Laboratory at CDC in Atlanta. Viral load (VL) was determined using NucliSENS EasyQ® HIV-1 v2.0 kits; HIVDR genotyping was performed using the ATCC HIV-1 Drug Resistance Genotyping kits.
resultsDBS were collected from 1,368 and 1,202 ART patients; 244 and 255 these specimens had VL ≥1,000 copies/mL in Kenya and Tanzania, respectively. The overall genotyping rate of those DBS with VL ≥1,000 copies/mL was 93.0% (95% CI: 89.1%-95.6%) in Kenya and 91.8% (87.7%-94.6%) in Tanzania. The turnaround times for the HIVDR surveys from the time of collecting DBS to completing laboratory testing were 6.5 months and 9.3 months for the Kenya and Tanzania surveys, respectively.
conclusionsThe study demonstrates a favorable outcome of using DBS for nationwide surveillance of HIVDR in ART patients. Our results confirm that DBS collected and stored at ambient temperature for two weeks, and shipped with routine courier services are a reliable sample type for large-scale surveillance of acquired HIVDR.
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