ArticlePsychological medicine2019
Genetic and environmental contribution to the overlap between ADHD and ASD trait dimensions in young adults: a twin study.
Article in Psychological medicine, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- The Prevalence of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms in Children and Adolescents With Autism Spectrum Disorder Without Intellectual Disability: A Systematic Review.Journal of attention disorders · 2023Pooled it
- Click-evoked auditory brainstem responses and autism spectrum disorder: a meta-analytic investigation of disorder specificity.Pediatric research · 2022Pooled it
- The neurodevelopmental spectrum: phenotypic architecture, etiology, predictive utility, and specificity across development.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Association of cumulative early medical events and neurodevelopmental conditions through a common latent factor-A population-based twin study.JCPP advances · 2026Article
- Developmental Trajectories of Autistic Traits in Infants With Autism and/or ADHD Family History: Predictors and Mid-Childhood Outcomes.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2026Article
- Mid-childhood developmental and behavioural outcomes in infants with a family history of autism and/or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines · 2026Article
- Exploring Cat-Human Interaction as a Psychosocial Resource in Autism and ADHD: Risks, Engagement, and Well-Being.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Time to notice neurodiversity in eating disorder services: a three-year real-world analysis of autism, ADHD, and AuDHD.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Acetaminophen's Role in Autism and ADHD: A Mitochondrial Perspective.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Setting a research agenda for examining early risk for elevated cognitive disengagement syndrome symptoms using data from the ABCD cohort.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2025Article
- ADHD Children Take More Time to Inhibit Automatic Responses: A Comparison with Anxiety Disorders Using NEPSY-II.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Retinal fundus imaging as biomarker for ADHD using machine learning for screening and visual attention stratification.NPJ digital medicine · 2025Article
- Vitamin Interventions in ASD and ADHD: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment · 2025Review
- Challenges in the Differential Classification of Individual Diagnoses from Co-Occurring Autism and ADHD Using Survey Data.... IEEE-EMBS International Conference on Biomedical and Health Informatics. IEEE-EMBS International Conference on Biomedical and Health Informatics · 2024Article
- Where do neurodevelopmental conditions fit in transdiagnostic psychiatric frameworks? Incorporating a new neurodevelopmental spectrum.World psychiatry : official journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA) · 2024Article
- Setting a research agenda for examining early risk for elevated cognitive disengagement syndrome symptoms using data from the ABCD cohort.Research square · 2024Article
- Attention-deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Autism Spectrum Disorder: Towards Better Diagnosis and Management.Medical archives (Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina) · 2024Review
- Three year outcomes in infants with a family history of autism and/or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.JCPP advances · 2023Article
- Specific brain imaging alterations underlying autistic traits in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.Behavioral and brain functions : BBF · 2023Article
- Genetic and environmental architecture of synaesthesia and its association with the autism spectrum-a twin study.Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundTraits of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are strongly associated in children and adolescents, largely due to genetic factors. Less is known about the phenotypic and aetiological overlap between ADHD and ASD traits in adults.
methodsWe studied 6866 individuals aged 20-28 years from the Swedish Study of Young Adult Twins. Inattention (IA) and hyperactivity/impulsivity (HI) were assessed using the WHO Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale-V1.1. Repetitive and restricted behaviours (RRB) and social interaction and communication (SIC) were assessed using the Autism-Tics, ADHD, and other Comorbidities inventory. We used structural equation modelling to decompose covariance between these ADHD and ASD trait dimensions into genetic and shared/non-shared environmental components.
resultsAt the phenotypic level, IA was similarly correlated with RRB (r = 0.33; 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 0.31-0.36) and with SIC (r = 0.32; 95% CI 0.29-0.34), whereas HI was more strongly associated with RRB (r = 0.38; 95% CI 0.35-0.40) than with SIC (r = 0.24; 95% CI 0.21-0.26). Genetic and non-shared environmental effects accounted for similar proportions of the phenotypic correlations, whereas shared environmental effects were of minimal importance. The highest genetic correlation was between HI and RRB (r = 0.56; 95% 0.46-0.65), and the lowest was between HI and SIC (r = 0.33; 95% CI 0.23-0.43).
conclusionsWe found evidence for dimension-specific phenotypic and aetiological overlap between ADHD and ASD traits in adults. Future studies investigating mechanisms underlying comorbidity between ADHD and ASD may benefit from exploring several symptom-dimensions, rather than considering only broad diagnostic categories.
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