ArticleJournal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996)2019
An analysis of allele, genotype and phenotype frequencies, actionable pharmacogenomic (PGx) variants and phenoconversion in 5408 Australian patients genotyped for CYP2D6, CYP2C19, CYP2C9 and VKORC1 genes.
Article in Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996), 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 51 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
51 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 85 citations in OpenAlex.
- An Analysis of Pharmacogenomic-Guided Pathways and Their Effect on Medication Changes and Hospital Admissions: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in genetics · 2021Pooled it
- Impact of CYP2C19 and CYP3A4 Inhibitor Use on Clopidogrel Clinical Effectiveness in CYP2C19 Genotyped Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention.Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics · 2026Observational
- Evaluating genotype-treatment interactions for high-risk medications in British general practice: a retrospective cohort study using UK Biobank.The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners · 2026Article
- Use of medications with pharmacogenomic guidelines and adverse outcomes in hospitalised older patients: a retrospective cross-sectional study.The pharmacogenomics journal · 2026Article
- Population-Based Assessment of Phenoconversion Potential in Switzerland: A Claims Data Study of Key Drug-Metabolizing Enzymes and Transporters.Pharmacogenomics and personalized medicine · 2026Article
- Associations of CYP2B6, CYP2C19, and CYP2D6 isoforms and phenoconversion with sertraline pharmacokinetics.PloS one · 2026Article
- A Drug-Drug Interaction of Ainuovirine with Fluconazole in Healthy Adults and Dose Optimization Informed by Pharmacokinetics Modelling.Drug design, development and therapy · 2026Article
- Insights Into Patient-Level Exposure to Actionable Pharmacogenomic Medications in Australia Using a New National Pharmacogenomic Guideline.Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics · 2026Article
- Article
- Impact of Complex Genetic and Drug-Drug Interactions on Tamoxifen Metabolism and Efficacy.Journal of personalized medicine · 2025Review
- Clinical impact of pharmacogenetic risk variants in a large chinese cohort.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Analyzing pharmacogenetics cost effectiveness and savings across common health conditions in the United States.The pharmacogenomics journal · 2025Review
- Identifying factors related to sertraline concentrations in child/adolescent and adult patients: insights from a therapeutic drug monitoring service.BMC psychiatry · 2025Article
- Real-World Utilization of Medications With Pharmacogenetic Recommendations in Older Adults: A Scoping Review.Clinical and translational science · 2025Article
- The history and future of pharmacogenetics in Aotearoa/New Zealand.Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand · 2025Review
- Genome-wide associations spanning 194 in-hospital drug dosage change phenotypes highlight diverse genetic backgrounds in concurrent drug therapy.Computational and structural biotechnology journal · 2025Article
- The Prevalence of Potential Drug-Drug-Gene Interactions: A Descriptive Study Using Swiss Claims Data.Pharmacogenomics and personalized medicine · 2025Article
- Clinical effects of CYP2D6 phenoconversion in patients with psychosis.Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England) · 2024Article
- The Relevance of Integrating CYP2C19 Phenoconversion Effects into Clinical Pharmacogenetics.Pharmacopsychiatry · 2024Article
- The emergence, implementation, and future growth of pharmacogenomics in psychiatry: a narrative review.Psychological medicine · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Common polymorphisms in the genes encoding CYP2D6, CYP2C19, CYP2C9 and VKORC1 enzymes have an important role in predicting the occurrence of adverse effects and the efficacy of substrate medications. Drug-induced changes to the enzyme's phenotype, a process called phenoconversion, comprise another important factor contributing to interindividual variability in drug response. To date, there is lack of data on the frequency of these common polymorphisms and phenoconversion in the pan-ethnic Australian population. The aim of this study was to (1) describe allele, genotype and phenotype frequencies for CYP2D6, CYP2C19, CYP2C9 and VKORC1 enzymes in the pan-ethnic Australian population and (2) evaluate the frequency of actionable pharmacogenomic (PGx) variants and phenoconversion. Frequencies were calculated using the records of 5408 Australian patients (obtained from myDNA's propriety database), who were consecutively tested with the DNAdose PGx test which included the CYP2D6, CYP2C19, CYP2C9 and VKORC1 genes. In 2509 patients with listed medications at the time of testing, phenoconversion frequencies were calculated for CYP2D6, CYP2C19 and CYP2C9 enzymes. Allele, genotype and phenotype frequencies in our Australian patients correlated with a Caucasian population. Approximately 96% of patients had at least one actionable PGx variant. A five-fold increase in the frequency of poor metabolisers (PMs) for CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 was predicted by phenoconversion. Our study results indicate a high frequency of actionable PGx variants in our Australian population. With the addition of drug-induced phenoconversion, our results provide further support for the utilisation of PGx testing in clinical practice as another tool assisting prescribers in the application of personalised medicine.
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Registered trials
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