ArticleNature protocols2018
Configuration of electrical spinal cord stimulation through real-time processing of gait kinematics.
Article in Nature protocols, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 3 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 63 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Reynolds Innovative Spinal Electrical Stimulation (RISES) Program: Transcutaneous Spinal Cord Stimulation
The Reynolds Innovative Spinal Electrical Stimulation Program: Transcutaneous Stimulation (RISES-T 2.0)
Study on Preliminary Safety and Efficacy of the ARC-IM Therapy to Alleviate Locomotor Deficits in People With Parkinson's Disease
Who cites it
63 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 134 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of Functional Electrical Stimulation on Gait Characteristics in Healthy Individuals: A Systematic Review.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Pooled it
- First-in-human study of epidural spinal cord stimulation in individuals with spinal muscular atrophy.Nature medicine · 2025Trial
- Activity-dependent spinal cord neuromodulation rapidly restores trunk and leg motor functions after complete paralysis.Nature medicine · 2022Trial
- From Trial to Chronic Epidural Electrical Stimulation: A Single-Patient Feasibility Study in Motor-Complete Spinal Cord Injury.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Surface circumferential spinal cord recording in freely moving rodents.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Ion-shielding ultrathin encapsulation with hot-press bonded interface enables chronic stretchable bioelectronics.Science advances · 2026Article
- Review
- Improving muscle recruitment via multi-electrode transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation using automated selectivity-driven algorithms.APL bioengineering · 2026Article
- Assessment of Chronic Multi-Electrode Spinal Cord Electrical Stimulation and Electromyography Platform in Non-Human Primates.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- Real-time approach to evaluate spinal cord topography of motor pool activation during gait.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2026Article
- Article
- Article
- Neuroanatomical and neurochemical atlas of the spiny mouse (Acomys cahirinus) spinal cord.Brain structure & function · 2025Article
- Animal Models of Spinal Cord Injury.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Nanogenerator Neuromodulation to Enable Locomotion Rehabilitation for Spinal Cord Injury via Epidural Electrical Stimulation.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Chronic, Battery-Free, Fully Implantable Multimodal Spinal Cord Stimulator for Pain Modulation in Small Animal Models.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Activity of spinal RORβ neurons is related to functional improvements following combination treatment after complete SCI.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Grid-based transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation: probing neuromodulatory effect in spinal flexion reflex circuits.Journal of neural engineering · 2025Article
- Next-Generation Neurotechnologies Inspired by Motor Primitive Model for Restoring Human Natural Movement.Research (Washington, D.C.) · 2025Review
- Techniques to mitigate lead migration for percutaneous trials of cervical spinal cord stimulation.Frontiers in surgery · 2025Article
3 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
12 authors at 7 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Epidural electrical stimulation (EES) of the spinal cord and real-time processing of gait kinematics are powerful methods for the study of locomotion and the improvement of motor control after injury or in neurological disorders. Here, we describe equipment and surgical procedures that can be used to acquire chronic electromyographic (EMG) recordings from leg muscles and to implant targeted spinal cord stimulation systems that remain stable up to several months after implantation in rats and nonhuman primates. We also detail how to exploit these implants to configure electrical spinal cord stimulation policies that allow control over the degree of extension and flexion of each leg during locomotion. This protocol uses real-time processing of gait kinematics and locomotor performance, and can be configured within a few days. Once configured, stimulation bursts are delivered over specific spinal cord locations with precise timing that reproduces the natural spatiotemporal activation of motoneurons during locomotion. These protocols can also be easily adapted for the safe implantation of systems in the vicinity of the spinal cord and to conduct experiments involving real-time movement feedback and closed-loop controllers.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.