ArticlePediatric neurology2018
Hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination Asymmetry Score Distinguishes Hemiplegic Cerebral Palsy From Typical Development.
Article in Pediatric neurology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 62 citations in OpenAlex.
- Consensus-Based Evaluation of Outcome Measures in Pediatric Stroke Care: A Toolkit.Pediatric neurology · 2023Guideline
- Characteristics of unilateral cerebral palsy according to gestational age at birth: A retrospective study.Developmental medicine and child neurology · 2026Article
- Standardizing early cerebral palsy detection in high-risk infants: reducing age at diagnosis through a quality improvement initiative.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2026Article
- Reliability of the Telehealth Hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination at 24 Months: A Prospective Counterbalanced Observational Study.Pediatric neurology · 2026Observational
- Hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination at 3 Months in Infants at Risk for Congenital Infections: A Cohort Study.Journal of paediatrics and child health · 2026Observational
- Pediatric Intracerebral Hemorrhage Management-Consensus Statement of the International Pediatric Stroke Organization-Part 2: Outcomes, Rehabilitation, and Transition to Adulthood.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2026Review
- Neurodevelopment and Gross Motor Function Outcomes in Children at Risk or Diagnosed with Cerebral Palsy using Snoezelen Multisensory Room.The Malaysian journal of medical sciences : MJMS · 2025Article
- Experiences and Therapy Needs of Parents With an Infant at High Risk for Development of Unilateral Spastic Cerebral Palsy: A Qualitative Interview Study.Journal of child neurology · 2025Article
- Clinical characteristics influencing timing of cerebral palsy diagnosis in neonatal follow-up.Paediatrics & child health · 2025Article
- Facilitators and barriers to implementation of early intensive manual therapies for young children with cerebral palsy across Canada.BMC health services research · 2025Article
- Cerebral palsy characteristics in term-born children with and without detectable perinatal risk factors: A cross-sectional study.Developmental medicine and child neurology · 2025Article
- Clinical utility and psychometric properties of tools for early detection of developmental concerns and disability in young children: A scoping review.Developmental medicine and child neurology · 2025Article
- Longitudinal Hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination (HINE) Trajectories in Children with Cerebral Palsy Identified in High-Risk Follow-Up.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Preservation of Bilateral Corticospinal Projections from Injured Hemisphere After Perinatal Stroke.Brain sciences · 2025Article
- Multidisciplinary and home-based management in neonatal unilateral foot drop: a case report.Frontiers in rehabilitation sciences · 2025Article
- Social Determinants of Health in Cerebral Palsy.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Neurological assessment tool for screening infants during the first year after birth: The Brief-Hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination.Developmental medicine and child neurology · 2024Article
- Therapeutic hypothermia after perinatal asphyxia in Vietnam: medium-term outcomes at 18 months - a prospective cohort study.BMJ paediatrics open · 2024Article
- Identifying and Evaluating Young Children with Developmental Central Hypotonia: An Overview of Systematic Reviews and Tools.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Reliability, Knowledge Translation, and Implementability of the Spanish Version of the Hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe Hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination is one of several useful tools for early identification of cerebral palsy; however, cut-off scores for cerebral palsy do not consistently distinguish infants with hemiplegia from those typically developing. We hypothesized that use of an asymmetry score, in addition to the assessment's standard total cutoff score, could remedy this problem in a clinical setting.
methodsThis retrospective study of a neonatal intensive care follow-up program with consistent clinical use of the Hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination matched infants with a diagnosis of cerebral palsy to infants without motor delays or evidence of neurodevelopmental impairments. Groups had same corrected and gestational ages at Hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination assessment. Asymmetry presence was recorded.
resultsOf 74 infants with cerebral palsy, 28 had quadriplegia, 11 had diplegia, and 35 had hemiplegia. Median total Hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination and asymmetry scores for hemiplegia were 57.5 and 10 versus 76 and 0 for those without cerebral palsy. Sensitivity and specificity to distinguish hemiplegia from typical development by combining a total Hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination score less than 63 and an asymmetry score greater than 5 were 91.8% and 100%, respectively.
conclusionsIn a clinical setting, combining total Hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination and asymmetry scores can help providers differentiate infants with hemiplegia from those typically developing.
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