Evidence map›Paper›PMID 30189669›Full record

ArticleSensors (Basel, Switzerland)2018

A Compact Ultrawideband Antenna Based on Hexagonal Split-Ring Resonator for pH Sensor Application.

Mohammad Tariqul Islam, Farhad Bin Ashraf, Touhidul Alam, Norbahiah Misran, Kamarulzaman Bin Mat

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
11citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

11 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Mohammad Tariqul IslamCentre of Advanced Electronic and Communication Engineering, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor D.E. 43600, Malaysia. tariqul@ukm.edu.my.
Farhad Bin AshrafCentre of Advanced Electronic and Communication Engineering, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor D.E. 43600, Malaysia. farhadbinashraf@siswa.ukm.edu.my.ORCID 0000-0003-3444-1202
Touhidul AlamCentre of Advanced Electronic and Communication Engineering, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor D.E. 43600, Malaysia. touhid13@siswa.ukm.edu.my.ORCID 0000-0001-8856-1213
Norbahiah MisranCentre of Advanced Electronic and Communication Engineering, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor D.E. 43600, Malaysia. bahiah@ukm.edu.my.
Kamarulzaman Bin MatCentre of Advanced Electronic and Communication Engineering, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor D.E. 43600, Malaysia. kamarulzaman@ukm.edu.my.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

A compact ultrawideband (UWB) antenna based on a hexagonal split-ring resonator (HSRR) is presented in this paper for sensing the pH factor. The modified HSRR is a new concept regarding the conventional square split-ring resonator (SSRR). Two HSRRs are interconnected with a strip line and a split in one HSRR is introduced to increase the electrical length and coupling effect. The presented UWB antenna consists of three unit cells on top of the radiating patch element. This combination of UWB antenna and HSRR gives double-negative characteristics which increase the sensitivity of the UWB antenna for the pH sensor. The proposed ultrawideband antenna metamaterial sensor was designed and fabricated on FR-4 substrate. The electrical length of the proposed metamaterial antenna sensor is 0.238 × 0.194 × 0.016 λ, where λ is the lowest frequency of 3 GHz. The fractional bandwidth and bandwidth dimension ratio were achieved with the metamaterial-inspired antenna as 146.91% and 3183.05, respectively. The operating frequency of this antenna sensor covers the bandwidth of 17 GHz, starting from 3 to 20 GHz with a realized gain of 3.88 dB. The proposed HSRR-based ultrawideband antenna sensor is found to reach high gain and bandwidth while maintaining the smallest electrical size, a highly desired property for pH-sensing applications.

Indexed as

double negativemetamaterialpH sensorsplit-ring resonatorultrawideband

Identifiers

PMID30189669
PMCPMC6163227

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.