ArticleThe Science of the total environment2018
Greenhouse gas emissions and water footprints of typical dietary patterns in India.
Article in The Science of the total environment, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05457439 (Sustainable-psycho-nutritional Intervention Program and Its Effects on Water and Carbon Footprint, Metabolic Biomarkers, and Gut Microbiota in Mexican Population), which is not on this map. Cited by 21 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Sustainable-psycho-nutritional Intervention Program and Its Effects on Water and Carbon Footprint, Metabolic Biomarkers, and Gut Microbiota in Mexican Population: a m-Health Randomized Clinical Trial
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed.
- Balancing Environmental Footprints and Nutritional Efficiency in University Canteen Menus: A Scenario-Based Life Cycle Assessment of Menu Architecture.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Protein- and nutrient-normalized environmental footprints of university canteen meals.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Exploring the relationship between greenhouse gas emissions and nutritional and anthropometric metrics in the PERSIAN dena cohort.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Associations across food consumption, diabetes prevalence and the environmental impacts: Evidence from China.PloS one · 2025Article
- Environmental Sustainability of Food Environments: Development and Application of a Framework in 4 cities in South Asia.Current developments in nutrition · 2024Article
- Quantification and environmental impact of slaughter waste during its life cycle.Environmental monitoring and assessment · 2024Article
- Food deprivation among adults in India: an analysis of specific food categories, 2016-2021.EClinicalMedicine · 2023Article
- Sustainable-psycho-nutritional intervention programme for a sustainable diet (the 'NutriSOS' study) and its effects on eating behaviour, diet quality, nutritional status, physical activity, metabolic biomarkers, gut microbiota and water and carbon footprints in Mexican population: study protocol of an mHealth randomised controlled trial.The British journal of nutrition · 2023Article
- Toward healthy and sustainable diets for the 21st century: Importance of sociocultural and economic considerations.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023Article
- Dietary Environmental Footprints and Their Association with Socioeconomic Factors and Food Purchase Practices: BRAZUCA Natal Study.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Food purchase behaviour in a Finnish population: patterns, carbon footprints and expenditures.Public health nutrition · 2022Article
- Water-Food-Carbon Nexus Related to the Producer-Consumer Link: A Review.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2022Review
- The role of dairy in healthy and sustainable food systems: community voices from India.BMC public health · 2022Article
- Article
- Diet-related greenhouse gas emissions and major food contributors among Japanese adults: comparison of different calculation methods.Public health nutrition · 2021Article
- The importance of food systems and the environment for nutrition.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2021Article
- Dietary recommendations in Spain -affordability and environmental sustainability?Journal of cleaner production · 2020Article
- Association between diet-related greenhouse gas emissions and nutrient intake adequacy among Japanese adults.PloS one · 2020Article
- Assessing the sustainability of post-Green Revolution cereals in India.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2019Article
- Future diets in India: A systematic review of food consumption projection studies.Global food security · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Agriculture is a major contributor to India's environmental footprint, particularly through greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from livestock and fresh water used for irrigation. These impacts are likely to increase in future as agriculture attempts to keep pace with India's growing population and changing dietary preferences. Within India there is considerable dietary variation, and this study therefore aimed to quantify the GHG emissions and water usage associated with distinct dietary patterns. Five distinct diets were identified from the Indian Migration Study - a large adult population sample in India - using finite mixture modelling. These were defined as: Rice & low diversity, Rice & fruit, Wheat & pulses, Wheat, rice & oils, Rice & meat. The GHG emissions of each dietary pattern were quantified based on a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) approach, and water use was quantified using Water Footprint (WF) data. Mixed-effects regression models quantified differences in the environmental impacts of the dietary patterns. There was substantial variability between diets: the rice-based patterns had higher associated GHG emissions and green WFs, but the wheat-based patterns had higher blue WFs. Regression modelling showed that the Rice & meat pattern had the highest environmental impacts overall, with 0.77 (95% CI 0.64-0.89) kg CO
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