ArticlePloS one2018
Pigs that recover from porcine reproduction and respiratory syndrome virus infection develop cytotoxic CD4+CD8+ and CD4+CD8- T-cells that kill virus infected cells.
Article in PloS one, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cross-Protection in PRRSV: Mechanisms, Limitations, and Implications for Vaccine Design.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Porcine Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMCs): Methods of Isolation, Cryopreservation, and Translational Applications in Human Studies.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- In vivo quantitative proteomic analysis of porcine alveolar macrophages in PRRSV-infected pigs.Virologica Sinica · 2025Article
- Article
- A review of CD4Veterinary immunology and immunopathology · 2024Review
- Review
- Article
- Single-Cell RNA-Sequencing Reveals Heterogeneity and Transcriptional Dynamics in Porcine Circulating CD8Cells · 2024Article
- Review
- An attenuated herpesvirus vectored vaccine candidate induces T-cell responses against highly conserved porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus M and NSP5 proteins that are unable to control infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Antigen Targeting of Porcine Skin DEC205Vaccines · 2022Article
- Systemic CD4 cytotoxic T cells improve protection against PRRSV-1 transplacental infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Japanese Encephalitis Virus Persistence in Porcine Tonsils Is Associated With a Weak Induction of the Innate Immune Response, an Absence of IFNγ mRNA Expression, and a Decreased Frequency of CD4Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Article
- Integrated time-series transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses reveal different inflammatory and adaptive immune responses contributing to host resistance to PRRSV.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Article
- Flow Cytometric Analysis of the Cytotoxic T-Cell Recall Response toVeterinary sciences · 2021Article
- Genetic diversity and different cross-neutralization capability of porcine circovirus type 2 isolates recently circulating in South Korea.BMC veterinary research · 2020Article
- Bovine Herpesvirus-4-Vectored Delivery of Nipah Virus Glycoproteins Enhances T Cell Immunogenicity in Pigs.Vaccines · 2020Article
- Article
- Dynamics and Differences in Systemic and Local Immune Responses After Vaccination With Inactivated and Live Commercial Vaccines and Subsequent Subclinical Infection With PRRS Virus.Frontiers in immunology · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infection is difficult to control because the virus undergoes antigenic variation during infection and also modulates the protective host immune response. Although current vaccines do not provide full protection, they have provided insight into the mechanisms of protection. Live PRRSV vaccines induce partial protection before the appearance of neutralizing antibody, suggesting cell-mediated immunity or other mechanisms may be involved. Herein, we demonstrate recovery from infection is associated with development of cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTL) that can kill PRRSV-infected target cells. Initial experiments showed survival of PRRSV-infected monocyte derived macrophage (MDM) targets is reduced when overlaid with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from gilts that had recovered from PRRSV infection. Further studies with PBMC depleted of either CD4+ or CD8+ T-cells and positively selected subpopulations of CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells showed that both CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells were involved in killing. Examination of killing at different time points revealed killing was biphasic and mediated by CTL of different phenotypes. CD4+CD8+high were associated with killing target cells infected for 3-6 hours. CD4+CD8- CTL were associated with killing at 16-24 hours. Thus, all the anti-PRRSV CTL activity in pigs was attributed to two phenotypes of CD4+ cells which is different from the anti-viral CD4-CD8+ CTL phenotype found in most other animals. These findings will be useful for evaluating CTL responses induced by current and future vaccines, guiding to a novel direction for future vaccine development.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.