ArticlePLoS neglected tropical diseases2018
Typhoid fever in Santiago, Chile: Insights from a mathematical model utilizing venerable archived data from a successful disease control program.
Article in PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed.
- Modeling the initial impact and predicted future benefits of TCV from two Pakistani provinces.The Lancet regional health. Southeast Asia · 2025Article
- Detecting Residual Chronic Salmonella Typhi Carriers on the Road to Typhoid Elimination in Santiago, Chile, 2017-2019.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Typhoid fever.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2023Review
- Chronic Salmonella Typhi carriage at sites other than the gallbladder.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2023Review
- Comparison of model predictions of typhoid conjugate vaccine public health impact and cost-effectiveness.Vaccine · 2023Article
- Whole genome sequence analysis of Salmonella Typhi provides evidence of phylogenetic linkage between cases of typhoid fever in Santiago, Chile in the 1980s and 2010-2016.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2022Article
- Article
- Multiple Introductions of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi H58 with Reduced Fluoroquinolone Susceptibility into Chile.Emerging infectious diseases · 2020Article
- Pre-existing Helicobacter pylori serum IgG enhances the vibriocidal antibody response to CVD 103-HgR live oral cholera vaccine in Malian adults.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- Tenacious Endemic Typhoid Fever in Samoa.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2020Article
- Reviving the "Moore Swab": a Classic Environmental Surveillance Tool Involving Filtration of Flowing Surface Water and Sewage Water To Recover TyphoidalApplied and environmental microbiology · 2020Review
- Changes in historical typhoid transmission across 16 U.S. cities, 1889-1931: Quantifying the impact of investments in water and sewer infrastructures.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2020Article
- A Biohistorical Perspective of Typhoid and Antimicrobial Resistance.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2019Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Typhoid fever is endemic in many developing countries. In the early 20th century, newly industrializing countries including the United States successfully controlled typhoid as water treatment (chlorination/sand filtration) and improved sanitation became widespread. Enigmatically, typhoid remained endemic through the 1980s in Santiago, Chile, despite potable municipal water and widespread household sanitation. Data were collected across multiple stages of endemicity and control in Santiago, offering a unique resource for gaining insight into drivers of transmission in modern settings. We developed an individual-based mathematical model of typhoid transmission, with model components including distinctions between long-cycle and short-cycle transmission routes. Data used to fit the model included the prevalence of chronic carriers, seasonality, longitudinal incidence, and age-specific distributions of typhoid infection and disease. Our model captured the dynamics seen in Santiago across endemicity, vaccination, and environmental control. Both vaccination and diminished exposure to seasonal amplified long-cycle transmission contributed to the observed declines in typhoid incidence, with the vaccine estimated to elicit herd effects. Vaccines are important tools for controlling endemic typhoid, with even limited coverage eliciting herd effects in this setting. Removing the vehicles responsible for amplified long-cycle transmission and assessing the role of chronic carriers in endemic settings are additional key elements in designing programs to achieve accelerated control of endemic typhoid.
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