ReviewFrontiers in endocrinology2018
Metformin: Focus on Melanoma.
Review in Frontiers in endocrinology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 58 citations in OpenAlex.
- Clinical outcomes of BRAF plus MEK inhibition in melanoma: A meta-analysis and systematic review.Cancer medicine · 2019Pooled it
- Melanoma resists chemotherapy through an adaptive mitochondrial response.Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2026Article
- Metformin: Old Drug, New Therapeutic Potential in the Skin? A Brief Narrative Review.Advances in therapy · 2025Review
- Metformin regulates the proliferation and motility of melanoma cells by modulating the LINC00094/miR-1270 axis.Cancer cell international · 2024Article
- Metformin: Beyond Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.Cureus · 2024Review
- Treatment resistance to melanoma therapeutics on a single cell level.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Therapeutic implications of the metabolic changes associated with BRAF inhibition in melanoma.Cancer treatment reviews · 2024Review
- Review
- Treatment with the PPARα agonist fenofibrate improves the efficacy of CD8Molecular therapy oncolytics · 2023Article
- Applications of Metformin in Dentistry-A review.Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences · 2023Review
- Hyaluronic Acid-Coated Chitosan/Gelatin Nanoparticles as a New Strategy for Topical Delivery of Metformin in Melanoma.BioMed research international · 2023Article
- Prognostic Relevance of Type 2 Diabetes and Metformin Treatment in Head and Neck Melanoma: Results from a Population-Based Cohort Study.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2022Article
- Formulation and Characterization of Metformin-Loaded Ethosomes for Topical Application to Experimentally Induced Skin Cancer in Mice.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- A Clinical Perspective of the Multifaceted Mechanism of Metformin in Diabetes, Infections, Cognitive Dysfunction, and Cancer.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Proline Dehydrogenase/Proline Oxidase (PRODH/POX) Is Involved in the Mechanism of Metformin-Induced Apoptosis in C32 Melanoma Cell Line.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Mitochondrial Metabolism in Melanoma.Cells · 2021Review
- Potential effect of EGCG on the anti-tumor efficacy of metformin in melanoma cells.Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B · 2021Article
- Trend Shifts in Age-Specific Incidence for In Situ and Invasive Cutaneous Melanoma in Sweden.Cancers · 2021Article
- Metformin - a new approach.Pediatric endocrinology, diabetes, and metabolism · 2021Review
- Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase inhibition sensitizes melanoma cells to metformin treatment.Translational oncology · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Metformin is the most common biguanide used in the treatment of diabetes, with 120 million treated patients worldwide. Metformin decreases hyperglycemia without inducing hypoglycemia in diabetic patients and is very well tolerated. The principal effects of metformin are to decrease hepatic gluconeogenesis and increase glucose absorption by skeletal muscles. These effects are primarily due to metformin's action on mitochondria, which requires the activation of metabolic checkpoint AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). AMPK is implicated in several pathways, and following metformin activation, it decreases protein synthesis and cell proliferation. Many studies have examined the role of metformin in the regulation of cancer cells, particularly its effects on cancer cell proliferation and cell death. Encouraging results have been obtained in different types of cancers, including prostate, breast, lung, and skin cancers (melanoma). Furthermore, many retrospective epidemiological studies in diabetes patients have shown that metformin treatment decreased the risk of cancers compared with other antidiabetic treatments. In this review, we will discuss the effects of metformin on melanoma cells. Together, our novel data demonstrate the importance of developing metformin and new biguanide-derived compounds as potential treatments against a number of different cancers, particularly melanoma.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.