Observational studyEuropean journal of clinical nutrition2019
HIV infection and increased food insecurity are associated with adverse body composition changes among pregnant and lactating Kenyan women.
Observational study in European journal of clinical nutrition, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02974972 (Pith Moromo 2), which is not on this map. Cited by 14 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Pith Moromo 2: Cohort to Study Health Consequences of Food and Nutrition Insecurity During Pregnancy and Lactation
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Body composition changes in the postpartum: a systematic review on measurements and predictors.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2026Pooled it
- Suboptimal gestational weight gain and neonatal outcomes in low and middle income countries: individual participant data meta-analysis.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2023Pooled it
- Risk factors for inadequate and excessive gestational weight gain in 25 low- and middle-income countries: An individual-level participant meta-analysis.PLoS medicine · 2023Pooled it
- HIV Infections and Food Insecurity Among Pregnant Women from Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.AIDS and behavior · 2021Pooled it
- Household food insecurity associated with gestacional and neonatal outcomes: a systematic review.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2020Pooled it
- Higher infant dietary diversity is associated with a reduced risk of stunting in the second year among a longitudinal cohort of HIV-unexposed and HIV-exposed but uninfected Kenyan children.Public health nutrition · 2026Article
- Maternal Phenotype, Infant Size and Breast Milk Composition in Women Living With HIV.Maternal & child nutrition · 2025Article
- Food Insecurity at HIV Diagnosis Associated with Subsequent Viremia Amongst Adults Living with HIV in an Urban Township of South Africa.AIDS and behavior · 2023Article
- Body Composition Trajectories During the First 23 Months of Life Differ by HIV Exposure Among Infants in Western Kenya: A Prospective Study.The Journal of nutrition · 2023Article
- Postpartum obesity and weight gain among human immunodeficiency virus-infected and human immunodeficiency virus-uninfected women in South Africa.Maternal & child nutrition · 2020Article
- Perinatal Food Insecurity and Postpartum Psychosocial Stress are Positively Associated Among Kenyan Women of Mixed HIV Status.AIDS and behavior · 2020Article
- "When I Eat Well, I Will Be Healthy, and the Child Will Also Be Healthy": Maternal Nutrition among HIV-Infected Women Enrolled in a Livelihood Intervention in Western Kenya.Current developments in nutrition · 2020Article
- Prepregnancy obesity is associated with lower psychomotor development scores in boys at age 3 in a low-income, minority birth cohort.Journal of developmental origins of health and disease · 2020Article
- HIV infection, hunger, breastfeeding self-efficacy, and depressive symptoms are associated with exclusive breastfeeding to six months among women in western Kenya: a longitudinal observational study.International breastfeeding journal · 2020Observational
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 6 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND/
objectivesBody composition changes markedly during reproduction. In sub-Saharan Africa, impacts of HIV infection on body composition across pregnancy and lactation in the context of Option B+ antiretroviral therapy are unknown. Therefore, we sought to evaluate the role of HIV infection on body composition during pregnancy and lactation among Kenyan women. SUBJECTS/
methodsA cohort of pregnant women (n = 333; 50.5% HIV+, receiving ART) were enrolled at seven clinics in western Kenya. Two prenatal (mean ± SD: 23.6 ± 4.4 and 33.4 ± 2.0 weeks gestation) and three postpartum (6, 14, and 36 weeks) measurements included: individual-level food insecurity, height, weight, fat mass (FM), and fat-free mass (FFM) by bioimpedance analysis (BIA), mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC), and triceps skinfold (TSF), allowing for AMA (arm muscle area) and AFA (arm fat area) derivation. Multivariable longitudinal regression models were used to relate HIV to body composition changes.
resultsIn longitudinal models, HIV-infected women had lower weight (ß = -3.0 kg, p = 0.003), fat mass (ß = -1.5 kg, p = 0.02), fat-free mass (ß = -1.5 kg, p = 0.01), TSF (ß = -2.6 mm, p < 0.001), AFA (ß = -3.9 cm
conclusionsHIV infection was associated with lower weight, fat mass, fat-free mass, TSF, AFA, and MUAC values during pregnancy and lactation, while food insecurity was intermittently associated with body composition. This suggests that pregnant and lactating women living with HIV and food insecurity could benefit from nutritional support.
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