SynthesisInternational journal of cancer2018
Consumption of red and processed meat and breast cancer incidence: A systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies.
Synthesis in International journal of cancer, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 68 papers, 14 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
68 citing papers in PubMed, 14 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- A comprehensive evaluation of epidemiological evidence on processed meat intake in relation to cancer, cardiovascular, metabolic diseases and all-cause mortality: an umbrella review.Frontiers in public health · 2026Pooled it
- Associations Between Dietary Factors and Breast Cancer Risk: A Systematic Review of Evidence from the MENA Region.Nutrients · 2025Pooled it
- Dietary factors associated with breast cancer among women in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of case-control studies.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Pooled it
- Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Lifestyle and Reproductive Factors Associated with Risk of Breast Cancer in Asian Women.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2024Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Association between ultra-processed food consumption and risk of breast cancer: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of observational studies.Frontiers in nutrition · 2023Pooled it
- Health effects associated with consumption of unprocessed red meat: a Burden of Proof study.Nature medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Consumption of red meat and processed meat and cancer incidence: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies.European journal of epidemiology · 2021Pooled it
- Interventions to reduce meat consumption by appealing to animal welfare: Meta-analysis and evidence-based recommendations.Appetite · 2021Pooled it
- Factors for the Primary Prevention of Breast Cancer: A Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies.Journal of research in health sciences · 2021Pooled it
- Intake of Various Food Groups and Risk of Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Prospective Studies.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2021Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Fish Consumption and the Risk of Chronic Disease: An Umbrella Review of Meta-Analyses of Prospective Cohort Studies.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2020Pooled it
- Iron intake, body iron status, and risk of breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC cancer · 2019Pooled it
- The association between plant-based dietary patterns and risk of breast cancer: a case-control study.Scientific reports · 2021Trial
- Nutrition Across the Life Course and Risk of Young-Onset Breast Cancer: Mechanisms, Evidence, and Prevention Opportunities.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Dietary Diversity Score Associated With a Reduced Risk of Breast Cancer: A Large Population-Based Incident Case-Control Study.Current developments in nutrition · 2026Article
- Barriers and enablers to reduced meat intake and perceptions of sustainable diets, among Los Angeles County adults with low incomes: a qualitative interview study.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Fatty acid composition of ground-beef products and their plant-based meat substitutes available in Hungary.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Breast cancer pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment: a comprehensive review.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Review
8 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Prior studies on red and processed meat consumption with breast cancer risk have generated inconsistent results. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies to summarize the evidence regarding the relation of red meat and processed meat consumption with breast cancer incidence. We searched in MEDLINE and EMBASE databases through January 2018 for prospective studies that reported the association between red meat and processed meat consumption with incident breast cancer. The multivariable-adjusted relative risk (RR) was combined comparing the highest with the lowest category of red meat (unprocessed) and processed meat consumption using a random-effect meta-analysis. We identified 13 cohort, 3 nested case-control and two clinical trial studies. Comparing the highest to the lowest category, red meat (unprocessed) consumption was associated with a 6% higher breast cancer risk (pooled RR,1.06; 95% confidence intervals (95%CI):0.99-1.14; I
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.