ArticleEnvironmental science and pollution research international2018
Determinants of pollution and the role of the military sector: evidence from a maximum likelihood approach with two structural breaks in the USA.
Article in Environmental science and pollution research international, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 70 citations in OpenAlex.
- The trade-off between energy consumption, economic growth, militarization, and COEnvironmental science and pollution research international · 2022Article
- A causal link between renewable energy, energy efficiency, property rights, and CO2 emissions in developed countries: A road map for environmental sustainability.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2021Article
- Testing the effect of sustainable energy and military expenses on environmental degradation: evidence from the states with the highest military expenses.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2021Article
- Asymmetric effects of militarization on economic growth and environmental degradation: fresh evidence from Pakistan and India.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2021Article
- Analyzing the linkage between military spending, economic growth, and ecological footprint in Pakistan: evidence from cointegration and bootstrap causality.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2020Article
- An empirical nexus between economic growth, energy utilization, trade policy, and ecological footprint: a continent-wise comparison in upper-middle-income countries.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2020Article
- A spatial analysis of corruption, misallocation, and efficiency.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
We investigate the role of military expenditure on emission in USA during the period 1960-2015. To achieve the objectives of this study, two measures of military expenditure are utilised, while several timeseries models are constructed with the gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, population, energy consumption per capita, non-renewable energy consumption per capita, renewable energy consumption per capita, urbanisation, trade openness and financial development serving as additional determinants of air pollution. We also use ecological indicator as an alternative measure of pollution. Moreover, different timeseries methods are utilised including a likelihood-based approach with two structural breaks. The output of this research concluded that all the variables are cointegrated. It is found that military expenditure has mixed impact on CO
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