ReviewClinical diabetes and endocrinology2018
Growth hormone: isoforms, clinical aspects and assays interference.
Review in Clinical diabetes and endocrinology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- Beyond GH stimulation tests: genetic heterogeneity and treatment response in children with diagnosed GH deficiency.Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2026Article
- Proteoformics-driven new concept of human growth hormone in clinical endocrinology.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Review
- Chemometrics-aided surface-enhanced Raman spectrometric detection and quantification of GH and TE hormones in blood.PloS one · 2025Article
- Review
- HGH1 and the immune landscape: a novel prognostic marker for immune-desert tumor microenvironment identification and immunotherapy outcome prediction in human cancers.Cell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.) · 2023Article
- Diagnosis and testing for growth hormone deficiency across the ages: a global view of the accuracy, caveats, and cut-offs for diagnosis.Endocrine connections · 2023Review
- Clinical Biology of the Pituitary Adenoma.Endocrine reviews · 2022Review
- Spurious Serum Hormone Immunoassay Results: Causes, Recognition, Management.TouchREVIEWS in endocrinology · 2022Review
- Selective quantification of the 22-kDa isoform of human growth hormone 1 in serum and plasma by immunocapture and LC-MS/MS.Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry · 2022Article
- Growth Hormone Stimulation Testing: To Test or Not to Test? That Is One of the Questions.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Review
- [Discordant parameters of insulin-like growth factor 1 and growth hormone in the diagnosis and monitoring of acromegaly].Problemy endokrinologii · 2021Review
- Clinical and hormonal findings in patients presenting with high IGF-1 and growth hormone suppression after oral glucose load: a retrospective cohort study.European journal of endocrinology · 2021Article
- Provocative growth hormone testing in children: how did we get here and where do we go now?Journal of pediatric endocrinology & metabolism : JPEM · 2021Review
- Italian Association of Clinical Endocrinologists (AME) and Italian AACE Chapter Position Statement for Clinical Practice: Acromegaly - Part 1: Diagnostic and Clinical Issues.Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets · 2020Review
- Laboratory investigations in the diagnosis and follow-up of GH-related disorders.Archives of endocrinology and metabolismReview
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The measurement of circulating concentrations of growth hormone (GH) is an indispensable tool in the diagnosis of both GH deficiency and GH excess. GH is a heterogeneous protein composed of several molecular isoforms, but the physiological role of these different isoforms has not yet been fully understood. The 22KD GH (22 K-GH) is the main isoform in circulation, followed by 20KD GH (20 K-GH) and other rare isoforms. Studies have been performed to better understand the biological actions of the different isoforms as well as their importance in pathological conditions. Generally, the non-22 K- and 20 K-GH isoforms are secreted in parallel to 22 K-GH, and only very moderate changes in the ratio between isoforms have been described in some pituitary tumors or during exercise. Therefore, in a diagnostic approach, concentrations of 22 K-GH accurately reflect total GH secretion. On the other hand, the differential recognition of GH isoforms by different GH immunoassays used in clinical routine contributes to the known discrepancy in results from different GH assays. This makes the application of uniform decision limits problematic. Therefore, the worldwide efforts to standardize GH assays include the recommendation to use 22 K-GH specific GH assays calibrated against the pure 22 K-GH reference preparation 98/574. Adoption of this recommendation might lead to improvement in diagnosis and follow-up of pathological conditions, and facilitate the comparison of results from different laboratories.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.