ReviewTranslational psychiatry2018
Gamma oscillations as a biomarker for major depression: an emerging topic.
Review in Translational psychiatry, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05680220 (A Double-blinded, Randomized Placebo-controlled Trial of 40 Hz Light Neurostimulation Therapy for Patients With Depression), which is not on this map. Cited by 146 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Double-blinded, Randomized Placebo-controlled Trial of 40 Hz Light Neurostimulation Therapy for Patients With Depression
Who cites it
146 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Effects of transcranial alternating current stimulation on cognitive function in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2025Pooled it
- Neural oscillation in bipolar disorder: a systematic review of resting-state electroencephalography studies.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2024Pooled it
- Predicting treatment response using EEG in major depressive disorder: A machine-learning meta-analysis.Translational psychiatry · 2022Pooled it
- Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS): from basic mechanisms towards first applications in psychiatry.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2021Pooled it
- Assessing the Effects of Continuous Theta Burst Stimulation Over the Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex on Human Cognition: A Systematic Review.Frontiers in integrative neuroscience · 2020Pooled it
- Exploring the link between waking gamma and sleep delta power in healthy volunteers and individuals with treatment-resistant depression.Journal of affective disorders · 2025Trial
- A randomized cross-over trial to define neurophysiological correlates of AV-101 N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor blockade in healthy veterans.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2021Trial
- Cortical Connectivity Moderators of Antidepressant vs Placebo Treatment Response in Major Depressive Disorder: Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA psychiatry · 2020Trial
- Transcranial direct current stimulation over the sensory-motor regions inhibits gamma synchrony.Human brain mapping · 2019Trial
- Spiking Neural Network Modelling Approach Reveals How Mindfulness Training Rewires the Brain.Scientific reports · 2019Trial
- Cerebellar Electrical Activity as a Marker for Predicting Brain Health and Disease: A Review.Brain sciences · 2026Review
- Gamma and beta power and the 1/f slope vary across a spectrum of depression severity.Translational psychiatry · 2026Article
- Preliminary clinical and electrophysiological findings of NAc/ALIC deep brain stimulation strategy for treatment-resistant depression.iScience · 2026Article
- Rapid antidepressant potential of nitrous oxide: current state and major questions.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Review
- EEG complexity analysis using enhanced entropy features for depression detection and severity classification.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2026Article
- Role of neural oscillations in depression: highlights on gamma oscillations.Translational psychiatry · 2026Review
- Synaptic density in the hippocampus of depressed patients: A quantitative electron microscopic study.Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry · 2026Article
- High-gamma tACS may regulate brain network connectivity to alleviate symptoms in female adolescent non-suicidal self-injury: a preliminary TMS-EEG pilot study.BMC psychiatry · 2026Article
- Effects of intermittent theta-burst stimulation (iTBS) on post-stroke depression (PSD): A study protocol for a single-center randomized controlled trial.Contemporary clinical trials communications · 2026Article
- Toward Multi-Dimensional Depression Assessment: EEG-Based Machine Learning and Neurophysiological Interpretation for Diagnosis, Severity, and Cognitive Decline.Brain sciences · 2026Article
86 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Identifying biomarkers for major depression is of high importance for improving diagnosis and treatment of this common and debilitating neuropsychiatric disorder, as the field seeks to move toward both personalized and more effective treatments. Here we focus on electroencephalography (EEG) or direct scalp voltage recordings as such a biomarker, with an emphasis on gamma and high gamma oscillations (or "rhythms"). In the last several decades, alpha and theta band rhythms have been found to provide information on depressive state as well as recovery, but the gamma band is less well characterized with respect to depression. We summarize some key findings on gamma rhythms (especially their amplitude) as a biomarker or endophenotype for major depression. These studies suggest: (1) under certain conditions gamma rhythms can distinguish subjects with major depression from healthy controls, (2) gamma may distinguish bipolar disorder from unipolar depression, (3) various pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments that counteract depression also alter gamma, (4) animal models of depression-like behavior show gamma abnormalities, with changes in gamma associated with therapeutic recovery. The most informative approaches in the future may combine profiles of gamma band power across the brain to assess ratios of activity across regions. Overall we have good evidence to suggest that gamma rhythms may provide objective information on major depressive disease status, but we will need further work to better define the precise measures to follow.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.