ArticleJournal of neuroinflammation2018
Intracellular inflammatory and antioxidant pathways in postmortem frontal cortex of subjects with major depression: effect of antidepressants.
Article in Journal of neuroinflammation, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 45 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
45 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 76 citations in OpenAlex.
- Probiotics as technological innovations in psychiatric disorders: patents and research reviews.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Pooled it
- Postmortem evidence of decreased brain pH in major depressive disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Translational psychiatry · 2024Pooled it
- Gut Microbiota and Metabolites: Orchestrating Depression Pathogenesis Through the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis's Neural, Immune, and Metabolic Routes.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Trihexyphenidyl Ameliorates Depression-like Behaviors in Adult Zebrafish Exposed to Chronic Unpredictable Stress, Consistent with Regulation of the MAPK Signaling Pathway.Biomolecules · 2026Article
- Behavioral, antioxidant, and kynurenine pathway modulation of a specific strain of Ligilactobacillus salivarius in a preclinical model of depression.European journal of nutrition · 2026Article
- Astrocytic PERK Deficiency Drives Prefrontal Circuit Dysfunction and Depressive-Like Behaviors.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Molecular pathways linking chronic psychological stress to accelerated aging: mechanisms and interventions.Frontiers in aging · 2026Review
- Integrative analysis identifies DCBLD2 and immune-related biomarkers for major depressive disorder: evidence from human peripheral blood, post-mortem brain, and rat models.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2026Article
- Inflammatory and Immune Biomarkers in Mood Disorders: From Mechanistic Pathways to Clinical Translation.Cells · 2025Review
- TLR4 identified as a major depressive disorder gene signature mediating effects through multiple immune cells.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- P2X7 receptors from the perspective of NLRP3 inflammasome pathway in depression: Potential role of cannabidiol.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2024Article
- A Selective Nuclear Factor-κB Inhibitor, JSH-23, Exhibits Antidepressant-like Effects and Reduces Brain Inflammation in Rats.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Repeated Sulforaphane Treatment Reverses Depressive-like Behavior and Exerts Antioxidant Effects in the Olfactory Bulbectomy Model in Mice.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Chronic Treatment withInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Differential regulation of innate immune system in frontal cortex and hippocampus in a "double-hit" neurodevelopmental model in rats.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2024Article
- The Inhibition of Neuropathic Pain Incited by Nerve Injury and Accompanying Mood Disorders by New Heme Oxygenase-1 Inducers: Mechanisms Implicated.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Nrf2 regulates iron-dependent hippocampal synapses and functional connectivity damage in depression.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2023Article
- Immune System and Brain/Intestinal Barrier Functions in Psychiatric Diseases: Is Sphingosine-1-Phosphate at the Helm?International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- The Relationships Among Metal Homeostasis, Mitochondria, and Locus Coeruleus in Psychiatric and Neurodegenerative Disorders: Potential Pathogenetic Mechanism and Therapeutic Implications.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2023Review
- The Nrf2 Pathway in Depressive Disorders: A Systematic Review of Animal and Human Studies.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundStudies show that Toll-like receptors (TLRs), members of the innate immune system, might participate in the pathogenesis of the major depressive disorder (MDD). However, evidence of this participation in the brain of patients with MDD has been elusive.
methodsThis work explores whether the protein expression by immunodetection assays (Western blot) of elements of TLR-4 pathways controlling inflammation and the oxidative/nitrosative stress are altered in postmortem dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of subjects with MDD. The potential modulation induced by the antidepressant treatment on these parameters was also assessed. Thirty MDD subjects (15 antidepressant-free and 15 under antidepressant treatment) were matched for gender and age to 30 controls in a paired design.
resultsNo significant changes in TLR-4 expression were detected. An increased expression of the TLR-4 endogenous ligand Hsp70 (+ 33%), but not of Hsp60, and the activated forms of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) p38 (+ 47%) and JNK (+ 56%) was observed in MDD. Concomitantly, MDD subjects present a 45% decreased expression of DUSP2 (a regulator of MAPKs) and reduced (- 21%) expression of the antioxidant nuclear factor Nrf2. Antidepressant treatment did not modify the changes detected in the group with MDD and actually increased (+ 25%) the expression of p11, a protein linked with the transport of neurotransmitters and depression.
conclusionData indicate an altered TLR-4 immune response in the brain of subjects with MDD. Additional research focused on the mechanisms contributing to the antidepressant-induced TLR-4 pathway modulation is warranted and could help to develop new treatment strategies for MDD.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.