ReviewNeuroscience and biobehavioral reviews2020
Non-pharmacological factors that determine drug use and addiction.
Review in Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Self-management with alcohol over lifespan: psychological mechanisms, neurobiological underpinnings, and risk assessment.Molecular psychiatry · 2023Pooled it
- The influence of stress and social defeat on neurobiological reinforcement mechanisms across reward to withdrawal in nicotine addiction.Psychopharmacology · 2025Review
- Increased alcohol-biased choice behavior in mouse models of high alcohol drinking.Alcohol, clinical & experimental research · 2025Article
- Value signals guiding choices for cannabis versus non-drug rewards in people who use cannabis near-daily.Psychopharmacology · 2025Article
- Adult rat ultrasonic vocalizations and reward: Effects of propranolol and repeated cocaine administration.Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England) · 2024Article
- Inhibition of Nitric Oxide Synthesis Prevents the Effects of Intermittent Social Defeat on Cocaine-Induced Conditioned Place Preference in Male Mice.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Masculine depression and its problem behaviors: use alcohol and drugs, work hard, and avoid psychiatry!European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2024Article
- FARESHARE: An open-source apparatus for assessing drinking microstructure in socially housed rats.NPP - digital psychiatry and neuroscience · 2024Article
- Therapeutic mechanisms of psychedelics and entactogens.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2024Review
- Motivations for Cannabis Use in Individuals with Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD).Brain sciences · 2023Article
- Role of social context in addiction etiology and recovery.Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior · 2023Review
- Pathways to the persistence of drug use despite its adverse consequences.Molecular psychiatry · 2023Review
- Male-selective effects of oxytocin agonism on alcohol intake: behavioral assessment in socially housed prairie voles and involvement of RAGE.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2023Article
- Psychosocial Factors Affecting Drug Relapse among Youth in Punjab, Pakistan.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Preventing incubation of drug craving to treat drug relapse: from bench to bedside.Molecular psychiatry · 2023Review
- Mental Health, Environmental, and Socioeconomic Geographic Factors of Severe Drug Addiction: Analysis of Rehabilitation Center Data in Indonesia.Substance abuse : research and treatment · 2023Article
- Article
- Were self-described introverts "immune" to increased drug use and entrapment during the pandemic?Drug and alcohol dependence reports · 2022Article
- Addicted to smoking or addicted to nicotine? A focus group study on perceptions of nicotine and addiction among US adult current smokers, former smokers, non-smokers and dual users of cigarettes and e-cigarettes.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2022Article
- Brief Maternal Separation Inoculates Against the Effects of Social Stress on Depression-Like Behavior and Cocaine Reward in Mice.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Based on their pharmacological properties, psychoactive drugs are supposed to take control of the natural reward system to finally drive compulsory drug seeking and consumption. However, psychoactive drugs are not used in an arbitrary way as pure pharmacological reinforcement would suggest, but rather in a highly specific manner depending on non-pharmacological factors. While pharmacological effects of psychoactive drugs are well studied, neurobiological mechanisms of non-pharmacological factors are less well understood. Here we review the emerging neurobiological mechanisms beyond pharmacological reinforcement which determine drug effects and use frequency. Important progress was made on the understanding of how the character of an environment and social stress determine drug self-administration. This is expanded by new evidence on how behavioral alternatives and opportunities for drug instrumentalization generate different patterns of drug choice. Emerging evidence suggests that the neurobiology of non-pharmacological factors strongly determines pharmacological and behavioral drug action and may, thus, give rise for an expanded system's approach of psychoactive drug use and addiction.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.